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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution |
change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, andgenetic drift. |
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Natural selection |
the environment affects evolution, thesurvival of the fittest for the environment |
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Comparative anatomy |
anatomy of unrelated organisms is similar. |
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Vestigial structures |
structures that serve no apparentpurpose in a more advanced organism, but were useful in an earlier organism. |
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Species |
a group of organisms that is distinct from otherspecies in appearance and behavior AND that regularly breed together producingFERTILE OFFSPRING |
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Population |
a group that includes all the members of aspecies IN A GIVEN AREA that are somewhat independent of other populations |
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Gene pool |
sum of all genes in a population (meaningall of the alleles of all the genes in all of the individuals of a population.) |
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Gene flow |
movement of alleles into or out of apopulation. |
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Allopatric speciation |
Physical or geographic isolation |
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Sympatric speciation |
Non-physical isolation |
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Genetic drift |
CHANCE changes in a population thatdecreases the genetic variability in that population |
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Coevolution |
two species affect each other’s evolution |
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Isolating mechanisms |
Once species have formed, there are mechanismsin place to prevent species from interbreeding |
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Pre-mating |
prevent mating between species |
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Geographic isolation |
organisms LIVE IN PHYSICALLY SEPARATEDlocations |
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Ecological isolation |
organisms OCCUPY DIFFERENT HABITATS |
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Temporal isolation |
organisms BREED AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THEYEAR |
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Behavioral isolation |
organisms HAVE DIFFERENT COURTSHIP ANDMATING RITUALS |
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Mechanical Incompatibility |
SEX ORGANS OF ORGANISMS DO NOT FIT |
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Post-mating |
If mating occurs, prevents formation of hybrid organisms |
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Gametic incompatibility |
GAMETES HAVE CHEMICAL OR MECHANICALSTRUCTURES THAT ONLY ALLOW OTHER GAMETES OF THEIR OWN SPECIES TO FERTILIZE |
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Hybrid Inviability |
HYBRID OFFSPRING FAIL TO SURVIVE TOMATURITY |
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Hybrid infertility |
HYBRIDS DO SURVIVE BUT CANNOT REPRODUCE |
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Community |
group of interacting populations |
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Ecosystem |
all of the living and non-livingcomponents of a defined geographic area |
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Biosphere |
entire surface of Earth, including livingand non-living components |
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Ecology |
the study of interrelationships of organismswith each other and with their non-living environment |
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Population distribution |
distribution of organisms |
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Clumped |
population survives longer when they hangtogether (protection, food gathering) |
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Uniform |
population survives longer if organisms spread out |
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Random |
position of organism independent of others |
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Biotic potential |
maximum growth rate assuming idealconditions and unlimited resources |
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Environmental resistance |
limit/decrease size |
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Community interactions |
organisms interact with each other |
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Competition |
two populations attempt to use sameresources |
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Predation |
one population feeds off another |
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Symbiosis |
two populations use each other |
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Parasitism |
one population benefits, other is harmed |
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Mutualism |
both populations benefit, neither harmed |
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Carrying capacity |
maximum amount of organisms theenvironment can sustain without hurting the environment |
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Greenhouse Gases |
Burning fossil fuel releases CO2,nitrous oxide and other gases into the atmosphere |
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Global Warming |
Trapped heat causes polar ice to melt,water levels to rise ….CLIMATE CHANGE |
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Biodiversity |
the variety of living organisms on Earth |
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Extinction |
Elimination of an ENTIRE species
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Biodiversity Hotspots |
is a bio-geographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction |
