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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele |
A letter to describe a trait, 1/2 of a trait, 2 alleles make a trait |
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Phenotype |
Physical characteristics TT- tall Tt- tall tt- short |
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Genotype |
Shows alleles, genetic makeup TT- homozygous dominant Tt- heterozygous tt- homozygous recessive |
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Dominant |
Show dominant traits, represented by dominant letters |
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Recessive |
Show recessive traits, unless with a dominant allele, represented by lowercase letter |
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True breeding |
Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves, if allowed to self pollinate |
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Heterozygous |
Different alleles |
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Homozygous |
Same alleles |
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Hybridization |
When parents with different traits cross |
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Codominance |
Both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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Sex linked traits |
Traits associated with the sex chromosomes |
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Gregor Mendel's principles |
-genes are passed down -some are recessive, some are dominant -organisms have 2 copies of each gene(one from each parent) -alleles for different genes segregate independently |
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Multiple alleles |
Genes that have more than two alleles |
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Polygenic traits |
Traits controlled by two or more genes |
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Law of dominance |
States that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive |
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Independent assortment segregation |
Independent segregation of genes during formation of gametes |
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Gamete |
Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction |
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Zygote |
Fertilized egg |
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Diploid |
Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
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Haploid |
Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
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Meiosis |
Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
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Mitosis |
a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, and each set ends up in its own nucleus. |
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Crossing over |
A process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
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Tetrad |
Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis |
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Karyotyping |
Examining chromosomes in a sample of cells to help find genetic issues |
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Autosomes |
Autosomal chromosome; chromosome that is not a sex chromosome(pairs of Autosomes are homologous chromosomes) |
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Sex chromosomes |
One of two chromosomes that determines an individuals sex; female have two x chromosomes; male have one x and one Y. |
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Triploidy |
Triploidy is a rare chromosomal abnormality. Fetuses with Triploidy, or Triploid Syndrome, have an extra set of chromosomes in their cells. One set of chromosomes has 23 chromosomes and is called a haploid set |
