Biology Test 4 Chapter 11!

Front 1

Plasma membrane grows _____between chromosome copies.

Back 1

inward

Front 2

Fusion of membrane along cell equator completes separation;____ fission or “splitting in two”.

Back 2

binary

Front 3

Daughter cells are genetically ______-

Back 3

identical

Front 4

Under ideal conditions Escherichia coli bacteria complete a cell cycle every ___minutes.

Back 4

20

Front 5

Eukaryotic cell cycle is ___ complex than that in prokaryotes

Back 5

more

Front 6

which cell cycle ?
-Progression through cell cycle in multicellular organisms is variable.
-Cells may exit the cell cycle and never divide again.
- Cells may enter or continue through the cell cycle and divide in response to growth hormones.

Back 6

eukaryotic

Front 7

There are two types of cell division in eukaryotes

Back 7

Mitotic cell division (_mitosis_)
Meiotic sex cell division (_meiosis)

Front 8

The Eukaryotic Chromosome consists of ____ and ____.

Back 8

DNA ; Proteins

Front 9

DNA must be ______(coiled) to fit into nucleus for easy manipulation in cell division.

Back 9

condensed

Front 10

Each ______ consists of a DNA double helix wound around spool proteins.

Back 10

chromosome

Front 11

a chromosome contains hundreds of DNA sequences called ____ found at specific locations (loci)

Back 11

genes

Front 12

chromosome contains hundreds of DNA sequences called genes found at specific locations called ___

Back 12

loci

Front 13

Each chromosome contains:
_____ and _____

Back 13

Centromere
Telomeres

Front 14

Centromere (“middle body”) is region where chromosome can attach to a ___ chromatid

Back 14

sister

Front 15

Two sister chromatids bound at their centromeres comprise a _____chromosome

Back 15

duplicated

Front 16

Sister chromatids separate at their centromeres during ______.

Back 16

mitosis

Front 17

_______ (“end bodies”) are the two ends of a chromosome.

Back 17

Telomeres

Front 18

(“middle body”) is region where chromosome can attach to a sister chromatid

Back 18

Centromere

Front 19

Duplicated chromosomes are tightly coiled __shapes

Back 19

X

Front 20

Every chromosome in a non-reproductive cell has a “partner” or _______ chromosome

Back 20

homologous

Front 21

Homologues contain the same kinds of ____ and have the same size, shape, and banding pattern.

Back 21

genes

Front 22

Chromosomes can be distinguished as ____ ____,and we call these matching chromosomes homologous chromosomes or homologues.

Back 22

matching pairs

Front 23

The two exact copies of the duplicated chromosome, which attached at the centromere region, are called ____chromatids.

Back 23

sister

Front 24

sisters =

Back 24

identical

Front 25

Sister chromatids ( are or are not) two chromosomes.

Back 25

not

Front 26

Sister chromatids are duplicated chromosome that consists of two identical _____ attached to each other.

Back 26

chromatids

Front 27

Human cells have ___(#) homologous pairs of chromosomes

Back 27

23

Front 28

Chromosome pairs 1-22 are ______ with similar appearance between homologues

Back 28

autosomes

Front 29

Chromosome pair 23 are ___ chromosomes which may have similar or different appearances.

Back 29

sex

Front 30

Females have two _ chromosomes of similar appearance

Back 30

X

Front 31

Males have ____ chromosomes (letter/letters)

Back 31

X and Y
Y is much smaller! (owned)

Front 32

A karyotype showing two chromosomes for each pair comes from a _______ (meaning “double”) cell

Back 32

diploid

Front 33

Cells with only one chromosome “per pair” are ____ (containing half the diploid number).

Back 33

haploid

Front 34

______ (in sexual reproduction) produces haploid cells from one diploid cell

Back 34

meiosis

Front 35

______ is the mechanism of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

Back 35

Mitosis

Front 36

mitosis is used in the reproduction of _______ organisms

Back 36

unicellular

Front 37

*Used in the reproduction of unicellular organisms
*Used in growth of fertilized egg into adult
*Used in cloning and stem cell research

Back 37

mitosis

Front 38

Eukaryotic cell cycle divided into two phases:

Back 38

interphase ; cell division

Front 39

________
Acquisition of nutrients, growth, chromosome duplication

Back 39

Interphase

Front 40

______-
One copy of every chromosome and half of cytoplasm and organelles parceled out into two daughter cells.

Back 40

Cell division

Front 41

Cells prepare for mitotic division during ________

Back 41

interphase

Front 42

________ (G1 → S → G2)

Back 42

Interphase

Front 43

DURING INTERPHASE :
Chromosomes are replicated in _ phase

Back 43

S

Front 44

DURING INTERPHASE:
Necessary proteins are synthesized in __

Back 44

G1 and G2

Front 45

during interphase what does it look like-

Back 45

a cicle with the nuclear envelope/neuclous/chromatin all in a bundle still;centriole pairs chillin outside the bundle

Front 46

Which Interphase stage (g1/s/g2)
each chromosome replicates to produce sister chromatids attached at centromere which Contains attachment site (kinetochore)
*Chromosome protein are synthesized

Back 46

S

Front 47

A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica (exact copy) with an equal number of chromosomes (One cell becomes two)

Back 47

mitosis

Front 48

A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Back 48

meiosis

Front 49

which is asexual - mitosis or meiosis

Back 49

mitosis

Front 50

mitosis leads to ____ daughter cells - identical to each other and to the original cell, whereas meiosis leads to ___ "daughter cells" - each of which has half of the number of chromosomes of the original cell

Back 50

Two, Four

Front 51

the sites of crossing over during meosis

Back 51

chiasmata