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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
DNA Pairing |
A=T C=G |
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RNA Pairing |
A=U G=C |
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Nucleotide components |
Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base, Sugar |
There are 3 |
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Five Nitrogenous Bases |
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil |
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How DNA is Organized |
Highly coiled to fit in the nucleus 8 histones+DNA=Nucleosome Bunch of nucleosomes=chromatin Coiled chromatin makes up chromosomes |
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Histone |
Proteins that assist DNA coiling |
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Chromatin |
A bunch of nucleosomes (coils the coil) |
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Chromosome |
Coiled chromatin |
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Sister Chromatids |
Two pieces of a replicated chromosome Identical and connect at the centromere |
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Centromere |
Where two replicated chromosomes connect |
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Diploid |
Equal number of copies of chromosomes from each parent |
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Karyotype |
Images of chromosomes in a typical human cell |
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Sex Chromosomes |
X and Y One from each parent |
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Autosomes |
Non-sex chromosomes |
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Mutation |
A mistake that occurs in replication that never gets fixed |
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DNA Replication |
1. Initiator proteins bind and attract other proteins 2. Topoisomerase unwinds helix 3. Helicase breaks Hydrogen bonds, single stranded binding proteins prevent strands coming back together, each strand pairless 4. RNA primers added to start pairing process, tell next enzyme where to start 5. DNA polymerase binds and builds , adding nucleotides across existing strands 6. RNA primers replaced with DNA 7. DNA Ligase joins segments from lagging strand |
1-initiate 2-topo (two=topo) Helicase-H bonds (H&H) Last-ligase (L&L) |
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Types of Cloning |
Natural-splitting an embryo in half; identical twins Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-remove and discard nucleus of egg cell, remove nucleus of somatic cell from individual to be cloned, place somatic nucleus in empty egg cell, implant and let develop |
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