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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a nucleicacid? |
· DNA and RNA both are nucleic acids Themonomer of a nucleic acid is anucleotide, a nucleotide polymer is called a polynucleotide (a chain of monomers) |
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Polynucleotidesconsist a long sequence of four different nucleotides |
DNA= A, C, G, T RNA= A, C, G, U |
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sugar-phosphate backbone |
· Nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds betweenthe sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next in a long chaincalled the sugar-phosphate backbone |
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· Eachnucleotide consists of three components: |
1. nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G for DNA or A, U, C,G for RNA) 2. sugar (deoxyribose for DNA, ribose for RNA)3. phosphate group |
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Thefour nucleotides in DNA differ in their nitrogenous bases |
1. Thymine (T) and cytosine (C)are single-ring structures • Thesebases are pyrimidines 2. Adenine (A) and guanine (G)are larger, double-ring structures. • These bases are purines |
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• RNA and DNA polynucleotides have the samechemical structure except: |
1. RNA has a similar base called uracil (U)instead of thymine 2. RNA ribose instead of deoxyribose 3. RNA is single stranded |
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Who determinedthat DNA is a double helix |
• JamesWatson and Francis Crick determinedthat DNA is a double helix |
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Composition of a DNA. What letters go with what |
Arung represents a pair of bases connected by hydrogen bonds. o Thebase-pairing rules dictate combinations of bases that form the rungs § Adenine (A) bonds with Thymine (T)§ Cytosine (C) bonds with Guanine (G) |
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· A cell must duplicate genetic information toreproduce |
mitosis |
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Origin of replication |
· Origin of replication is the site DNA where replicationstarts to occur |
