Biology Test #3

Front 1

radially symmetrical, stinging cells
Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

Back 1

Cnidarians

Front 2

no tissue or organs
filter feeding

Back 2

sponges

Front 3

the division of a nucleus into two genetically, identical nuclei, along with cytokinesis, leads to the formation of two identical daughter cells
growth and replacement

Back 3

mitosis

Front 4

arthropods
exoskeleton made of chitin

Back 4

crabs

Front 5

has a 4 chamber heart, like birds

reptiles=3 chamber
fish=2 chamber

Back 5

crocodiles

Front 6

chidarians
body structure like a pie, it's possible to make multiple slices all going through the center, with identical pieces

Back 6

radially symetrical

Front 7

barrier of reproduction caused by the infertility of hybrid individuals, or inability to survive long after fertilization

Back 7

postzygotic barrier to reproduction

Front 8

an altercation in the base-pair sequence of an individual's DNA
may arise spontaneously or following exposure to a mutation

Back 8

mutation

Front 9

head and tail
one body opening
tapeworms
flukes

Back 9

flatworms

Front 10

a mechanism of evolution that occurs when there is heritable variation for a trait and individuals with one version of the trait have greater reproductive success than do individuals with a different version of that trait
survival of the fitest

Back 10

natural selection

Front 11

have hair, mammory glands, and facial muscles
monotremes lay eggs
marsupials have a pouch
placental mammals

Back 11

mammals

Front 12

gas found in atmosphere when earth began

Back 12

methane (CH4)

Front 13

1 species splits into 2 distinct species, 1st phase=reproductive isolation
2nd=genetic divergence, in which 2 populations evolve over time as seperate entities with a physical and behavioral differences

Back 13

speciation

Front 14

no digestive system
flatworms

Back 14

tape worms

Front 15

formation of a head where senses are all towards the front

Back 15

cephalization

Front 16

6 legs
complete metamorphosis

Back 16

butterflies

Front 17

eat meat: survive only on meat
lions, tigers
short digestive system makes digesting meat easier

Back 17

carnivores

Front 18

no jaws, secret muscles, cartilaginous skeleton, no paired fins

Back 18

hagfish

Front 19

inheritable
natural selection

Back 19

heritable

Front 20

describes features that are inherited from a common ancestor

Back 20

homologous

Front 21

sting ray, shark, skates, rays, hagfish, lampreys
skeleton made completely from cartilage

Back 21

cartilaginous fish

Front 22

squids, octopi, cuttle fish
no shell

Back 22

cephalopods

Front 23

molluscus, bihalves, complete gut, filter feeders
shell

Back 23

clams

Front 24

jelly fish, blind gut, corals, anenomies
stinging, toxic cells

Back 24

chidaria

Front 25

nucleotide, pairs with cytocine

Back 25

guanine

Front 26

genetic makeup

Back 26

genotype

Front 27

selection for both of extremes
often leads to speciation

Back 27

disruptive selection

Front 28

intermidiate=best fit
(high)AA (low)Aa (high)aa

(low)AA (high)Aa (low)aa

Back 28

stabilizing selection

Front 29

cephalopods
no shell
molluscs

Back 29

cuttlefish

Front 30

selecting for 1 extreme trait

(high)AA (low)Aa and aa

Back 30

directional selection

Front 31

cell bound by a plasma membrane, no nucleus or other organelles

Back 31

prokaryotic organism

Front 32

segmented worms
complete gut

Back 32

earthworms

Front 33

change in allele frequency within a population

Back 33

evolution

Front 34

natural populations of organisms that can interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups

Back 34

species

Front 35

selection that, for a given traits, produces that greatest fitness at the intermediate point of the phenotype range

Back 35

stabalizing selection

Front 36

sponges
highest level of organization in sponges
no tissue
assymetrical

Back 36

collar cells

Front 37

organisms in the same environment develope similar structures
(analogous structures)

Back 37

convergent evolutions

Front 38

arachnid
8 legs

Back 38

scorpions

Front 39

worms with segmented bodies

Back 39

segmented worms

Front 40

change of allele frequencies in a population
migration and disease effect small populations faster than latger populations

Back 40

genetic drift

Front 41

same as species
group-- same area-- living together

Back 41

population

Front 42

nucleotide
pairs with thymine

Back 42

adenine

Front 43

20 of them
monomers for proteins

Back 43

amino acids

Front 44

found in the beginning of time instead of oxygen

Back 44

ammonia (NH3)

Front 45

earthworms, leeches
complete guy
hermaphrodite

Back 45

annelida (segmented worms)

Front 46

spider, crab, lobster
pod-- foot

Back 46

arthropod

Front 47

4 feet per section

Back 47

millipedes

Front 48

self feeders, take organic and make it into organic
CO2---->C6H12O6

Back 48

autotrophs

Front 49

science that supports evolution
camelids

Back 49

biogeography

Front 50

traits that are variable in a population

Back 50

genetic variation

Front 51

feathers, wings, reptiles
warm blood
cloaca

Back 51

birds

Front 52

complete meta
6 legs

Back 52

butterfly

Front 53

meat, lion, tiger
short digestive system

Back 53

carnivores

Front 54

ray, skate, shark
cartilage skeleton

Back 54

cartilaginous

Front 55

squid, octopi, cuttle fish

Back 55

cephalopoda

Front 56

break down organic molecules

Back 56

digestion

Front 57

nucleotides---- 4 (ATGC)

Back 57

DNA molecules

Front 58

archea, bacteria prokaryotic
eukarya eukaryotic

Back 58

domains

Front 59

lung fish
gulp air

Back 59

extant air- breathing fish

Front 60

group from one population that moves to a new area
their gene frequency will be different
amish

Back 60

founder effect

Front 61

insect
4 chromosomes

Back 61

fruit flies

Front 62

break down of sugar
part of cellular respiration

Back 62

glycolosis

Front 63

phylogenic tree that shows the history of a species
speciation event--->population of first organism--->biodiversity--->continued speciation

Back 63

phylogenetic history

Front 64

the evolutionary history of organisms

Back 64

phylogeny

Front 65

a classification of organisms consisting of related classes

Back 65

phylum

Front 66

the science of the function of living systems. It is a subcategory of biology. In physiology, the scientific method is applied to determine how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells and biomolecules carry out the chemical or physical function that they have in a living system.

Back 66

physiological process

Front 67

tapeworm
a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrate animals. no body cavity, and no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs

Back 67

platyhelminthes

Front 68

the doubling of the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual

Back 68

polyploidy

Front 69

animals of the phylum Porifera.Their bodies consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems.

Back 69

porifera (sponges)

Front 70

a barrier to reproduction caused by the physical inability of individuals to mate with each other, or the inability of the male's reproductive cell to fertilize the female's reproductive cell

Back 70

prezygotic barrier to reproduction

Front 71

one celled organisms

Back 71

prokaryotes

Front 72

"Panmixia"
all individuals are potential partners. This assumes that there are no mating restrictions, neither genetic or behavioural

In genetics, random mating involves the mating of individuals regardless of any physical, genetic, or social preference.

Back 72

random mating

Front 73

fish species characterized by rigid bones and a mouth at the apex of the body; they are so called because their fins are lined with hardened rays.

Back 73

ray-finned fish

Front 74

genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype which gives a reproductive advantage will become more common in a population (see allele frequency )

Back 74

reproductive advantage

Front 75

inability of individuals from two populations to produce fertile offspring together

Back 75

reproductive isolation

Front 76

process by which all living organisms extract energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules and use it for fuel in life processes

Back 76

respiration

Front 77

populations that can interbreed with neighboring populations but not with populations separated by larger geographical distances

Back 77

ring species

Front 78

worm phylum characterized by a long, narrow, unsegmented body and growth by molting; also called nematodes

Back 78

roundwords

Front 79

paired fins
jaws for capturing prey

Back 79

sharks

Front 80

gastropod molluscs
one piece curved shell

Back 80

snails

Front 81

?

Back 81

snakes

Front 82

cephalopods
8 short tentacles
2 long suckers
free swimming
contains about 300 species

Back 82

squid

Front 83

amount of time a species can go without food
can be evolved to resist starving to death (fruit flies)

Back 83

starvation resistance

Front 84

speciation that results not from geographic isolation but as a result of polyploidy or hybridization and allopolyploidy
uncommon among animals but common among plants

Back 84

sympatry

Front 85

populations of organisms that interbreed, or could possibly interbreed, with each other under certain conditions, and that cannot interbreed with organisms outside their own group

Back 85

biological species concept

Front 86

physical evidence of organisms that lived in the past

Back 86

fossil record

Front 87

?

Back 87

turtles

Front 88

experiment demonstrating how complex organic molecules could have arisen in earth's early environment.

Back 88

Urey and Miller

Front 89

structure, once useful to organisms but which has lost its function over evolutionary time
ex. human appendix

Back 89

vestigial structures