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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polygenic traits
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trait controlled by two or more genes, eye color and skin color
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Mendel's Laws
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~Law of segregation-gene pairs seperate when gametes form~Law of independent assortment-gene pairs segregate into gametes randomly and independently~Law of dominance-dominant allele is expressed and recessive allele is hidden
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Example of recessive and dominant diseases
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D-Huntington disease-fatal, deteriorates the nervous system, appears late 30's or 40's R-Albinism-no skin pigment, white rabbits with pink eyes
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Dihybrid
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studying two traits at a time, 16 squares
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Multiple allele
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three or more alleles, blood type
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Codominance
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two different alleles for the same trait are expressed fully, blood type
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Allele
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distinct from a gene, yellow or green peas. Use letters to represent them
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Carrier
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carries a recessive trait and does not express it
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Dominant Allele
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form of gene that is fully expressed, captial letters
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Why are there more recessive than dominant diseases?
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Because if a dominant disease results in early death, then it cannot be passed on.
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Genetics
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scientific study of heredity
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Recessive allele
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form of gene that is not expressed, lower case letters
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Incomplete dominance
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two different alleles for the same trait combines, neither allele is fully expressed
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Genotype
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genetic make-up of an organism
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Genes
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sections of a chromosome that codes for a trait, "factors", two copies-one from each parent
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Hybrid
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organisms recieves different forms of a trait from each parent
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Heterozygous
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two alleles in a gene pair are different
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Homozygous
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two alleles in a gene pair are identical
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Monohybrid
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studying one trait at a time, 4 squares
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Test cross
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breeding organisms whose genotype is unknown with a homozygous recessive
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Pedigree
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chart that shows how a trait and the genes that control it are inherited in a family
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Self-pollenation
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pollen reaches stigma on same plant
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Purebred
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organism recieves the same traits from both parents, self-pollenation
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Pleiotropy
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single gene affects more than one trait, sickle cell
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Trait
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characteristic that can be passed on to offspring, in chromosomes
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Cross-pollenation
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pollen reaches stigma on different plant
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What was Mendel's contribution to genetics?
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He applied statistics to try to determine a method of inheritance
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An example of how climate influences the expression of an allele
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Goby fish (Japan)-change sex depending on social environment
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