Biology Test 2

Front 1

Cytoplasm

Back 1

The material within the cell, minus the nucleus

Front 2

Nucleoid

Back 2

Where DNA in prokaryotic cells is stores

Front 3

Centriole

Back 3

Forms mitotic spindle fibers which separate chromosomes during cell division

Front 4

Chromatic

Back 4

DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

Front 5

Plastid

Back 5

Organelle for photosynthesis and storage

Front 6

Nucleolus

Back 6

Dense mass of RNA/protein that assemble into ribosomes

Front 7

Plasmodesmata

Back 7

Plants cells have small channels that cross cell walls and connect cytoplasm

Front 8

Three parts of the cell theory

Back 8

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living systems
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 9

What implications does the surface area/volume ratio have for the cell in terms of size?

Back 9

As a cell size increases, colume increases more rapidly than its surface area. The larger the cell, the longer it takes for substances to diffuse from plama membrane to the center of the cell. It's small for practical reasons such as communication.

Front 10

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Back 10

1. Complex, bigger
2. They have a nucleus
3. Organelles bound by a membrane - endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, mitochondria
4. Nucleolus (ribosomal subunits assembled)

Front 11

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Back 11

1. No nucleus
2. Smaller and simpler
3. Organelles without membrane
4. DNA in nucleoid region

Front 12

Examples of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Back 12

E - protists, fungi, plants, and animals
P - bacteria

Front 13

Whar are organelles that plant cells contain that are not found in animal cells? What are their functions?

Back 13

Chloroplasts - transform sunlight energy into sugar
Cell wall - protect and supports cell
Large central vacuole - secretory, excretory, and storage functions

Front 14

Describe the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane

Back 14

Phospholipid bilayer plus embedded proteins

Front 15

What are the different parts of the nucleus and what are their functions?

Back 15

Nuclear envelope - double membrane that surrounds nucleus
Nucleolus - dense mass of RNA/protein that assemble into ribosomes
Chromosomes - found by condensation of chromatin, contain DNA

Front 16

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 16

Move material throughout cell
Rough - site of protein synthesis
Smooth - site of lipid synthesis

Front 17

Golgi body

Back 17

Completes protein assembly, "packages" them for shipment through cell

Front 18

Mitochondria

Back 18

1. Food is broken down (oxidized) and energy captures in form of ATP
2. Divide on their own and have their own DNA

Front 19

Cytoskeleton

Back 19

Give cell shape, organization, and ability to move

Front 20

Ribosome

Back 20

Carries out protein synthesis

Front 21

Lysosome

Back 21

Introcellular digestion of cell/cell parts

Front 22

Peroxisomes

Back 22

Contain enzymes that break down fatty acids/amino acids

Front 23

Differences between cilia and flagella

Back 23

Flagella are longer and fewer
Cilia are smaller and cover more of cell exterior

Front 24

Explain the 9 + 2 arrangement

Back 24

Circle of 9 microtuble paris surrounding two central microtubles

Front 25

Similarities between chromoplasts and amyloplasts

Back 25

Both are plastids

Front 26

Differences between chromoplasts and amyloplasts

Back 26

Chromoplasts transform sunlight energy into sugar
Amyloplasts store starch

Front 27

3 types of cell junctions and describe each one

Back 27

Tight - link cells of tissues to make them water-tight
Adhering - join cells in tissues that are subject to stretching
Gap- link cytoplasm of neighboring cells

Front 28

What is meant by the saying that the cell membrane is "selectively permeable?"

Back 28

Only some things get in, and only somet hings get out

Front 29

Describe how phospholipid molecules are oriented in the formation of the lipid bilaryer that is the cell membrane

Back 29

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the phospholipid. They are arranged tail to tail. The head is hydrophilic, which means that it likes water. The tail is hydrophobic which means that it doesn't like water. The heads face the water.

Front 30

Endosymbiont theory

Back 30

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are belieced to one be prokaryotic cells that were incorporated into eukaryotic cell
-Each of these two organelles have their own DNA and their own lipid bilayer which is evidence that they were once prokaryotic cells