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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Karyotype and the purpose
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A picture of chromosomes displayed by putting hamologus chromosomes together
Purpose: diagnoses genetic disorders |
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Define homologus chromosmose
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Paired chromosomes with the same genes on them
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How many chromosomes do humans have?
A.) total # chromosomes B.) homologus pairs of chromosomes |
A.) total # chromosomes- 46
B.) homologus pairs of chromosomes- 23 |
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What is the purpose of
A.) Mitosis/ Cytokinesis B.) meisosis |
A.) mitosis/ cytokinesis--- to create two identical copies of one parent cell. (diploid copies)
B.) meisosis--- to create haploid sex cells |
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Define haploid vs diploid, indicate the standard way to note each condition:
A.) Haploid B.) Diploid |
Haploid- 1 copy of each unique chromosome
n = 23 in humans B.) Diploid- 2 copies of each unique chromosome 2n = 46 in humans |
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Name at least 3 of the main ways mitosis differs from meiosis---
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mitosis-
one division creates two clones creates diploid cells meiosis- two sets of division creats four genetically different cells creates haploid cells |
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Homozygous
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Two of the same alleles for particular trait (ex- TT of tt)
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Heterozygous
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Two different alleles fir a particular trait (ex- Tt)
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Genotype
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An organisms allele pairs
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Phenotype
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observable characteritics or outward expression of an allele pair.
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Alleles
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alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation
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Dominant
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Allele that produces the same phenotypic effect wheather inherited with homozygus or heterozygus allele.
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Ressessive
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A condition that appears only in indaviduals who have recieved two copies of this allele
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Define- P generation
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Parent generation (cross two pure breading pea plants)
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Define- F1 generation
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Offspring of P generation
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Define- F2 generation
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Offspring of F2 generation
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Explain Mendals Law of Segregation---- what happens in anaphase 1 and miosis.
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Seperation of alleles into seperate gametes. Also hamologus chromosomes are seperated
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Explain Mendals Law of Assortment
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Genes on seperate chromosomes sort indapendently during miosis.
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What is "crossing over" and when does it occur?!
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"crossing over," is when chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologus chromosomes. It occurs during meiosis and prophase 1
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