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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a root that grows from an unexpected region of the plant, such as from a stem or leaf
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adventitious roots
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the distinct layers of xylem that result from the patterns of spring and summer growth in a tree
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annual growth rings
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the outer section of a woody stem which provides protection for the stem and helps transport food throughout the plant
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bark
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the upward movement of liquids through very narrow tubes
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capillarity
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the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration toward one of lower concentration by random molecular motion; also known as passive transport
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diffusion
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onw-way diffusion (generally of water) through a semipermeable membrane
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osmosis
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a bundle of xylem and phloem tubes in a herbaceous stem
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fibrovascular bundles
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a method of vegetative propagation that involves transplanting living tissue from one plant to another
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grafting
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older, darker xylem tissue that forms the core of a tree's trunk; serves as support for the stem but cannot conduct water because of the accumulation of resins and oils
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heartwood
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relatively young xylem tissue in a stem that conducts sap and forms the lighter outer part of the wood
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sapwood
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the section of a twig between nodes
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internode
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a mark at a node of a twig that show where a leaf stalk (petriole) was attached in a previous year
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leaf scars
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a small opening in the bark of a woody stem that allows air to enter the stem to provide a means of respiration
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lenticels
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primary - the growth in length at the stem or root
secondary -the increase in diameter of the stem and roots of plants, made possible by cell division in the vascular cambrium |
primary and secondary growth
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the soft storage tissue at the center of roots and stems that consists of parenchyma cells
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pith
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the tough outer covering of the stem of a monocot, consisting of thickened and strengthened epidermal cells
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rind
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the cone-shaped protective structure covering a root tip
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root cap
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root cortex - the region of a root inside the epidermis that is used to store food
stele - the central cylinder of a root, containing xylem, phloem, and parenchyma cells |
root cortex and stele
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the upward flow of fluids through the xylem of roots and stems
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sap stream
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scion - in grafting, thee branch which is to be grafted onto another plant
stock - in grafting, the tree which receives the new stem |
scion and stock
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a food-containing tube of the phloem of plants
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sieve tubes
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taproots system - the primary root penetrates the soil with relatively little branching, remains larger than the secondary roots that branch off from it, and is often used to store food; characteristic of monocots
fleshy roots - an enlarged taproot used to store large quantities of food fibrous roots - the primary root remains small and many slender secondary roots grow from it in all directions; characteristic of grasses and other momocots |
taproots, fleshy roots, and fibrous roots
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the large end bud of the twig that causes it to grow in length; also called apical bud
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terminal buds and lateral buds
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the growth respons of a plant to a physical stimulus
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tropism
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in botony, sap-conducting tissues tha serve as the "circulatory system" of a plant; xylem and phloem
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vascular tissue
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the process of using vegetative reproductive methods to start a new plant from a root, stem, or leaf
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vegetative propagation
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the strong, resilient inner section of a woody stem, composed of xylem tissue
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wood
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