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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry |
The study of compositiom, structure and properties of matter and changes which it under goes |
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Physical change |
A change that does not alter the composition of a substance, EX. Melting of ice |
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Chemical change |
A change that produces at least one different substance in composition and properties. |
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Matter |
Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
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Mass |
A measure of the quantity of matter a body contains; the measure of a body's resistance to acceleration. |
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Atom |
Derived from the greek word meaning indivisible; the smallest unit of structure that can enter into a chemical reaction; developed the techniques to split the atom in 1950 |
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Element |
A basic substance that cannot be decomposed into other substances by ordinary chemical processes |
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Periodic chart |
An arrangement of the elements into groups based on atomic number and properties |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Mass number |
The total mass of the atom which is approximately equal to the total number of protons and neutrons |
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Isotope |
Refers to different forms of a given element; an atom of an element with a different number of neutrons and mass number than a stable form of the same element. |
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Radioisotope |
A radioactive element that emits radiation in the form of alpha or beta particles or gamma rays as it changes to a more stable form (decay) |
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Molecule |
The smallest particle of an element or compound that can have a stable, independent existence. |
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Compound |
A combination of two or more elements in definite proportions; can be decomposed by a chemical change. |
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Ion |
An atom with an electrical charge |
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Cation |
A positively charged atom |
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Anion |
A negatively charged atom |
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Chemical bond |
A chemical bond formed by sharing of one or more electrons |
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Nonpolar covalent bond |
Bond formed by equal sharing of electrons |
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Polar covalent bond |
Bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons |
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Ionic compounds |
Compounds formed by the transfer of one or more electrons |
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Electrolyte |
A substance formed by ionic bonding that conducts an electrical current |
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Ionization potential |
Energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom to form a positive ion or ability to release electron(s) |
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Electron affinity |
Attraction of a neutral atom for electron(s) or ability to accept electrons |
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Electronegativity |
A measure of attraction of an atom for an electron in the outer quantum level or ability of an atom as part of a bond to attract electrons from its partner |
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Acid |
A substance that donates a proton (H*) or protons (hydrogen ion or ions) in a solution; the ph is less than 7.00 |
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Base |
A substance that donates a hydroxyl (-OH) ion in solution; pH is greater than 7.00 |
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pH |
A measure of acidity or basicity of a substance; the (blank) scale is logarithmic and ranges from 0 to 14. pH = [1/H*] |
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Dalton |
Another term for the atomic mass unit |
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Biochemistry |
The study of the structure and behavior of molecules and compounds found in living matter |
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Organic chemistry |
The study of compounds containing the element carbon |
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Hyrdocarbon |
A compound containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen |
