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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a special layer of cells at the base of a leaf's petiole that severs the leaf from the stem as the plant prepares for winter
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abscission layer
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the basic structural unit of all living things; the smallest self-maintaining self-replication biological entity
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cell
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the oxidation of various foods, such as glucose, within living cells of both plants and animals for the purpose of releasing energy
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cellular respiration
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a sustance found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that gives plants their green color and helps them to capture the energy of sunlight to manufacture food; also found in certain protozoa and bacteria
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chlorophyll
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a complex organelle in green plant cells in which photsynthesis occurs
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chloroplasts
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a jellylike fluid that serves as the fluid medium of a cell
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cytoplasm
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a simple sugar (C6H12O6) produced as the initial product of photosynthesis; the form of sugar found in human blood
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glucose
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the chemical name for table sugar (C12H22O11)
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sucrose
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a complex carbohydrate substace in plant cell walls, composed of long chains of glucose molecules, provides the cell with support and protection
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cellulose
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a complex carbohydrate molecule that consists of a long chain of simple carbohydrates
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starch
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a cresent-shaped cell, bordering a stoma, which expands and contracts to regulate the size of the opening; occur in pairs
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guard cells
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hairlike structures that cover the leaves of certain plants
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leaf hairs
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tiny openings or pores on the surface of a plant, especially abundant on the underside of leaves; (singular: soma)
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stomata
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any of the small blades on a compound leaf
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leaflet
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the tissue that makes up the middle portion of a leaf where most photosynthesis takes place
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mesophyll
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the woody tissue of a stem that carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves
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xylem
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a point at which leaves grow from the stem of a plant
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nodes
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"little organ"; any of various structures within the cytoplasm of a cell that serve as the "organs" of the cell
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organelles
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the food-making process of green plants, in which the energy of sunlight is used to manufacture glucose from water and carbon dioxide
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photosynthesis
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the part of the plant that is ordinarily underground, serving to anchor the plant, to absorb nutrients, and to store food
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root system
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the part of a plant that is usually found above ground, holding up the leaves toward the sun for the manufacture of food and providing for the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds
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shoot system
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a group of similar cells which work together to accomplish the task of an organ
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tissue
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in biology, a structure composed of various tissues that has a definate function or functions within a system
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organ
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a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a definite job for an organism
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system
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the loss of water vapor from leaves and stems of plants by means of evaporation through the stomata
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tranpiration
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pressure within a plant cell resulting from the intake of water that keeps the cell firmly inflated
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turgor pressure
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a thin layer of meristematic tissue between the bark and wood of woody plants where new bark and wood are produced
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vascular cambium
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a layer of cells in the outer bark of a woody stem that produces cork tissue
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cork cambium
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the pattern of a leaf's veins
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venation
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the phenomenon of a plant losing turgor pressure as a result of a lack of water and becoming limp
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wilting
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the vascular tissue in plants that transports food manufactured in the leaves to the rest of the plant
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phloem
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