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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Membrane
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A delicate bilayer of phospholipid molecules, which encloses the cytoplasm in all cells and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It is responsible for recognition, adhesion and chemical communication between cells.
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Cell wall
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As found in plant cells, a non-living, cellulose strucutre outside the cell membrane. It provides support, prevents expansion of the cell, and allows water and dissolved substances to pass freely through it. Lignin is present in the cell walls of the xylem of woody plants to give them further support
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Centrioles
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A pair of small cylindrical structures composed of micro-tubules. They are involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division in animal cells and in protists.
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Chloroplasts
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Found in some plant cells. They are green organelles (Due to the abundant (lots of)presence of chlorophyll) in which photosynthesis take place. They are composed of many folded layers of membrane.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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A network of intracellular membranes, which links with the cell membrane and other membranous organelles. It may be rough (associated with ribosomes) or smooth (Lacking ribosomes). It is involved with the production, processing, transport and storage of materials within the cell.
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Golgi apparatus
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A stack of flat membrane sacs where the final synthesis and packaging of protiens into membrane-bound vesicles occurs before they are secreted (get rid of) from the cell. It is linked to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Lysosomes
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Found in most aniaml cells. They are membrane-bound vesicles that contain powerful enzymes which break down debris and foreign material.
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Mitochondria
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Composed of folded layers of membrane. They are involved in cellular respiration in which energy is transformed and released for use by the cells.
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Nucleus
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A large organelle surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane containing pores that allow the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm. It often looks darker in prepared slides because it stains differently from cytoplasm. The nucleus contains genetic material (linear chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins) and contols the activities of the cells.
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Plastides
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A group of organelles found only in plant cells, all of which develop from simple organelles called proplasts. Chloroplasts are plastids, as are amyloplats, which store starch in roots or storage tissues (such as in potato tubers) and may be involved in geotropism and chromoplasts, which contain colour pigments and are found in petals and fruit.
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Ribsomes
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Tiny organelles located in the cytosol, sometimes associated with endoplasmic reticulum. They are sites where protiens are assembled.
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Vacuoles
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Membrane-bound and found in most cells in variable numbers. They may contain food, enzymes or fluid. Plant cells typically have large fluid-filled vacuoles that provide physical support whereas those in animal cells, if they are present, tend to be quite small.
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vesicles
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Membrane-bound and often associated with the transport of substances within the cell.
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Protein Synthesis
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The DNA uncoils and the mRNA attaches to the DNA, the mRNA then travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, the DNA has now coiled back togehter. The tRNA then meets the mRNA. The mRNA then interacts with the ribosome. The mRNA then waits for its correct polypeptide match. Once the correct match is made it then creates protein.
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Enzymes: Biological catalysts
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See word document
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