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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristole grouped plants and animals by..
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structural similarities
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Taxonomy
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The science of naming and classifying organisms
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Linnaeus's original goal...
-what was it (a brief overview) -what was the name of it |
Tried to catalogue all kinds of organisms, so that all scientists would understand.
Called Binomial Nomenclature |
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Explain Binomial Nomenclature and What the Rules are
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Linnaeus's system.
Used two latin words for each species. Genus+Species=Name |
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Linnaeus's system of classification for plants and animals. Broad->specific
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Relation between different levels of the classification system
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Kingdom- contains similar groups of phylum
Phylum-contains similar groups of classes etc. etc. |
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6 kingdoms
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Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista.
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Seven-level system can be split up even more...therefor how many taxonomic levels are ACTUALLY recognized?
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30+
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Explain what Polynomials were and why they didnt work
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A different way to classify animals and plants.
Genus+Descriptive Words=Name Scientists would change the names b/c they would all use different descripitive words..therefor there was no one universal name Also, the names given were often VERY long and akward |
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Compare and contrast Linnaeus system with common names
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common names given to an organism may be different from country to country..therefore people use the scientific name
The word "Robin" in G.Brit. refers to a diff bird than the word "Robin" in N.Amer |
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Species
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Basic Unit on Linnaeus system
Refers to only ONE type of organism in a genus. |
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Biological Species Concept
-what is it -who proposed it |
Ernst Mayr
It is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups |
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What is an example of a reproductive barrier
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Something that stops organisms from mating
-geographic barriers -diff. mating seasons -mutual attraction lacking etc. |
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Is the Biological Species Concept 100% acturate? If not why?
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Sometimes the indvs. of a different species interbreed and produce offspring called hybird.
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Hybird
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An offspring that is a result of two species who were able to succesfully reproduce
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Why does the Biological Species Concept Not Work in Some Sittuations
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The B.S.C doesnt take into account organisms that reprdouce asexually
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Organisms that produce a hybird are often/most likely... (two words)
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closely related
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Explain how the current system of taxonomy provides strong evidence of evolution
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Linnaeus system was based on the fact that animals have different degrees of similarities. Darwin said that organisms that are similar descend from a common ancestor. Therefor, animals with alot of similarities (linnaeus) will evolve from the same ancestor (darwin) and most likely be in the same genus, or family, or class etc.
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Although Linnaeus system provided evidence of evolution, it can be misleading. Why might this be
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Not all traits that are similar (in look or function) are necessarily inherited from a common ancestor
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All members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular....
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heterotrophs whose cells lack walls
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Convergent Evolution
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Organisms Evolve similar features independantly. Often b/c of their similar enviornments. Features that are results of convergent evolution are called analogous characters
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Analogous Characters
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A result of Convergent Evolution.
Things that so the same thing, but look different, and DO NOT have common anestor. Ex: Bird and Bug wings |
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Homologous Characters
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Look the Same, but do different things. Organisms with Homo. characters DO have common ancestors.
Forelimbs (arms) in humans and bats contain the same bones (look same) but do different things (one flies, one doesnt) |
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Analogous vs. Homologous
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A: Used Same-look Diff-No Common Ancestor
H: Used Diff-Look Same-Common Ancestor |
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Phylogeny
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The evolutionary history of a species
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How do Taxonomists determine phylogeny
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By the overall similarity between the characteristics of different kinds of organisms
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Derived Traits
NOT SURE IF WE NEED TO KNOW |
Unique characteristics of a particular group of organisms
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What are the 9 major phyla?
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arthropada, annelida, cnidaria/ctenophora, chordata, echinodermata, nematoda, mollusca, platyhelminthes, porifera
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