Biology - Systems

Front 1

4 Major Functions of Lipids

Back 1

1. Phospholipids serve as a structural component of membranes;

2. Triacylglycerols store metabolic energy and provide thermal insulation and padding;

3. Steroids regulate metabolic activities and;

4. Some fatty acids (eicosanoids) seven serves as local hormones

Front 2

Lipoprotein Density

Back 2

HDL - High Density - more protein than lipid within lipoprotein molecule.

LDL - Low Density - more lipid than protein within lipoprotein molecule.

Front 3

Glucose vs. Fructose

Back 3

Glucose is more commonly metabolized than Fructose. (80% of the time)

Glucose has 1 primary hydroxyl group and 1 primary sp2 Oxygen.

Fructose has two primary Hydroxyl groups.

Front 4

Carbohydrates vs. Lipids

Back 4

More hydroxyl groups in Carbohydrates than Lipids.

Think of carbohydrates as a compound with molecule with a fixed 1:1 ratio between water and carbon.

More energy stored in Lipids because higher concentration of C-H bonds.

Front 5

Starch vs. Cellulose

Back 5

Starch = alpha linked molecule

Cellulose = beta linked molecule

Front 6

Alpha linkage vs. Beta linkage

Back 6

Beta stability > alpha stability

Only bacteria can breakdown beta linkages.

Only animals can eat alpha linkages.

Front 7

Division of Metabolism

Back 7

Catabolism - the breakdown of large molecule into smaller molecules (think catastrophic).

Anabolism - the joining of smaller molecules, forming larger molecule (think Avengers).

Front 8

How do you break Peptide bonds?

Back 8

Hydrolysis - a water molecule is used to break the peptide bond, forming two separate compounds (amino acids).