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254 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the poison called produced by some bacteria
|
toxin
|
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Whant non-living particle can reproduce in a living cell
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virus
|
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process by which some bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
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nitrogen fixation
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virus that infects bacteria
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bacteriophage
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simple form of sexual reproduction in bacteria
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conjugation
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process by which bacteria reproduce asexually
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binary fission
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bacterial form that is in a state of slow metabolism and does not reproduce
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endospore
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cell in which a virus reproduces
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host cell
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enzyme injected into a host cell, which copies viral RNA into DNA
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reverse transcipate
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In order to ________ all disease- causing viruses need the equipment of the host cell
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reproduce
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Some scientists think life has originated in deep sea_________
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vents
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The instructions for making new copies of a virus are coded in what 2 things
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RNA and DNA
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A virus's DNA or RNA is surrounded by a _________
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capsid
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Carrying out photosynthesis descrives a role of bacteria in the environment. Name 2 others:
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food production and recycling nutrients
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A method called Gram staining is used to tell what kind of ____________a prokaryote has
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cell wall
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Bacteria and archea differ in the _____ of their cell walls
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composition
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Unlike ______ archae have cell walls
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bacteria
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______ are bacteria that cause disease
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ecoli
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You are likely to find a photoautotroph where they can recieve_____
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sun light
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To protect against the spread of _________ disease, a physician would most likely not recommend antibiotics
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viral
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Decomposers are bacteria that break down the ____________simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots
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organic waste
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacteria that causes__________
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pnemonia
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stores fat in the bone
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yellow bone marrow
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where two or more bones meet
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joint
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fluid filled sac on the outside of the joint
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bursa
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potential bone cell found in cartilage of embryo
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osteoblast
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soft tissue that fills center cavities of embryo
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marrow
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protein in dead epidermal cells that protects underlying cells
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keratin
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cell pigment that colors skin and protects it from solar radiation
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melanin
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band of tissue connecting bone to bone
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ligament
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smaller unit in a muscle fiber
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myofibril
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the functional unit of myofibril
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sarcomere
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type of cell used to breakdown worn out bone
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osteoclast
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beneath the scab of the wound __________begin to multiply
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blood cells
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____________ produces red blood cells, some white blood cells, and fragments involving blood clotting
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bone marrow
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the mineral _________found in dairy products is a critical part of the diet for healthy strong bones
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calcium
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contraction of _______muscle, the muscle of internal organs, is slow and prolonged
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smooth muscle
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bones grow in legnth at the _______of the bone. They grow in diameter on the ________surface of the bone
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end, outer
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muscle stregnth depends on the ________ of the fibers number of the fibers that _______at one time
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type, contract
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when an inadequate supply of oxygen is available to meet a muscle cell's oxygen needs, ____________ becomes the primary source of ATPs
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lactic acid fermentation
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when the ________plates degenerate, you have stopped growing taller
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growth
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TF: Vascular plants must live where there is a steady supply of water
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false
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TF: The sporophyte generation is dominant in mosses
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false
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TF: the reproduction of all non-seed plants requires a film of water
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true
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TF: the primary source of water nad nutrients for a plant comes from the soil
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true
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Although all plants produce spores, only Anthophytes produce______
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flowers
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the _________ of a moss produces gametes
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rhizoids
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both algae and plants store their food in the form of _______
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starch
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plant cells all have a cell wall composed of ________
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cellulose
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when a ________bites, it uses its chelicherae
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arachnid
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arachinds have __ pairs of jointed appendages
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6
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__________ arthropods exchange gases through gills
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aquatic
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a new _________ grows beneath its old one before an arthropod molts
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exoskelaton
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The characteristic that most distinguishes arthropods from other invertebrates is its _______
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exoskelaton
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The acute __________of arthropods are the result of organs such as compound eyes and antennae
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nervous system
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the well developed arthropods__________consits of a double ventral nerve cord, an anetrior brain, and several ganglia
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cephalathorax
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arthropods have a ________developed excretory system
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poorly
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efficient gas exchange in arthropods is accomplished by tracheal tubes, _________, or gills
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book lungs
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The ________ is a protective adaption for arthropods
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exoskelaton
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__________ appendages are avantageous because they are not limited in their stregnth and functions
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jointed
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in arthropods, appendages are adapted for a variety of purposes including sensing and walking. Name two additional purposes
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feeding and mating
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the ________ of arthropods is hard and provides protection
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exoskelaton
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most insects have one pair of ______that are used to sense vibrations, food, and pheremones in the environment
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antennae
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The exchange of gases in spiders takes place in _________
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book lungs
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grasshoppers have two_______eyes, and ____ simple eyes
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compund, 3
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the stages of _________metamorphosis are egg, nymph, and adult
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incomplete
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crabs lobsters shrimp and pill bugs are members of the class
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crustacea
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how many segments does the typical tick body consist of?
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2
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A movable structure used by a spider to turn silk into thread
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spinneret
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jaws of an arthropod
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mandible
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shedding of old exoskeleotn
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molting
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chamber that contains leaf-like plates that serve for gas exchange
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book lungs
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excretory organ of terrestrial arthropods
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malpighian tubules
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fused head and thorax reason in some arthropods
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cephalathorax
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any structure, such as a leg, that grows out of the body of an animal
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appendage
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openings through which the air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes:
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spiracle
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form of asexual reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg
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binary fission
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chemical odor signal given off by an animal
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pheremone
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branching networks of hollow passages that carry air throughout the body
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tracheal tubes
|
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one of the common features of arthropods is a tough________
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exoskeleton
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most crustaceans live in land or water?
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land
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If an insect exists as a nymph before becoming an adult, the insect goes through ________metamorphosis
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incomplete
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arthropods have specialized appendages near the mouth called _______
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mandibles
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the three largest groups of arthropods are the ________,________, and _______
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crustaceans, arachnids, & insects
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in a lobster, the _______is the part of the skeleton that covers the heart and gills
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carapace
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Marsupials in continents other than Australia lost out in competition with _________
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placental mammal
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teeth called _______are used to puncture and tear the flesh of prey
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incisors
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_____are teeth used for crushing and grinding food
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molars
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the most intelligent mammals are _______
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primates
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cellulose is important in the diet as a source of _______
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fiber
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the body's preferred energy source is __________
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carbohydrates
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what is the most abundant substance in the body
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water
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the golden age of mammals is the ______ Era
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cenezoic
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Branching networks of hollow passages that carry air throughout the body
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tracheal tubes
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chemical odor signal given off by an animal
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pheremone
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form of asexual reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg
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parthenogenesis
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opening through which air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes
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spiracles
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any structure, such as a leg that grows out of the body of an animal
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appendage
|
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fused head and thorax region in some arthropods
|
cephalothorax
|
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excretory organ of terrestrial arthropods
|
Malpighian Tubules
|
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air-filled chamber containing leaf-like plates that serve for gas exchange
|
book lung
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shedding of the old expskeleton
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molting
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movable structure used by a spider to turn silk into thread
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spinneret
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Bony fishes belong to the __________ class
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osteichthyes
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scientists hypothesize that ______ evolved from tetrapods
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coelocanths
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frogs have a ________ ________ that picks up vibrations from water or air and transmits them to inner ear
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tympanic membrane
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fishes have great flexibility when they swim because they have ________ vertebrae
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seperate
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by means of its lateral line system, a fish can detect ______ and ________ in the water
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prey and predators
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lampreys are parasites that attach themselves to other fishes by sucker-like ______ and they use their _______ to scrape away the flesh
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mouth, tongue
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a _____ is any chordate that has a backbone
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vertebrate
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most fishes are ______ by their scales, paired fins, and gills
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classified
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in most fishes, the structures that are most important for obtaining _______ from water the gills
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oxygen
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the first vertebrate to evolve were _______
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jawless
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Many salamanders that live on land are missing what structures?
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kidney
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blood flows through the body of a fish in a _______ closed circulatory system
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L-loop
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the swim bladder is the organ that adjusts the _______ of many bony fishes
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depth
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a fish's lateral line system would be most likely to help a fish sense aquatic predators that approach it from the _________
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side
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lampreys are included in modern days __________ fishes
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jawless
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all fishes in the class Chondrichthyes are alike in the competition of their ___________
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skelaton
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what feature distinguishes most fishes from most amphibian
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swim bladder
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lobe-finned fishes, like the coelacanth probably resemble the first __________
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amphibians
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at the end of the ________ period, fossil evidence indicates that most of the amphibian species became extinct
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paleozoic
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the eggs of amphibians can dry out easily because they do not have ________
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amnions
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name 3 ways snakes subdue their prey:
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constriction, venom, and swallow hole
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alligators and crocodiles use their _______to swim rapidly
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tails
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turtles have a shell to use for _______
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protection
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the pit like sense organ that picks up airborne chemicals in the roof of a snakes mouth is called the _______________
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Jacobson's Organ
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Rattlesnakes can detect heat by means of ________________ in the head
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heat sensitive pits
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a constrictor snake kills by ______________________
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suffacating until they die
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what structures do birds have that they share with no other animal?
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feathers
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contrast the skin of crocodiles and salamanders:
|
crocodiles: tough and dry
salamander: wet and slippery |
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one reason for the early success of reptiles is that they could reproduce away from _______
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water
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list 3 adaptions that enabled reptiles to live out of water
|
amniotic eggs, dry scaly skin, and lungs
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most reptiles exchange gas through their ______
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lungs
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the difference between reptilian eggs and amphibibian eggs are that reptilian eggs are surround by a _____&_______
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shell & membranes
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alligators have a __-_________ heart
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4 chambered
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birds feet are covered with scaly skin. This observation supports the statement that birds are ______-like animals
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reptile
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the structure of a bird's ______ ensures that oxygen-rich blood never mixes with oxygen poor blood
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heart
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a cow is a vertebrate that has a heart with ____ chambers
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4
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a bird of prey will usually have a _____-bill and _____ talons
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pointed, sharp
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list three characteristics of all birds:
|
feather, cloaca, hollow bones
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in a reptile egg,_________ is performed by the chorion
|
gas exchange
|
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most marsupials are found in which country
|
Australia
|
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the _____ in the mammalian brain increase the surface area
|
folds
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a horse's haw may have small incisors and canines but wide ________ and ________
|
molars and premolars
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the main advantage of hair is that is conserves _____
|
heat
|
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Mammals: head lacks external ears:
|
monotreme
|
|
Mammals: young may develop in pouch
|
marsupials
|
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Mammals: adults are toothless
|
monotreme
|
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Mammals: young remain in uterus until well developed
|
placental mammal
|
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Mammals: embryos have tine yolk sac
|
monotremes
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Mammals: eggs are laid and incubated
|
monotremes
|
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Mammals young may be born a short time after fertilizaton
|
marsupial
|
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Mammals: umbilical cord present
|
placental mammals
|
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a ______ is the sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that is used to expand and contract the chest cavity of mammals
|
diaphragm
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the _________ passes oxygen or food to, and removes wastes from, the developing embryo
|
placenta
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female mammals have ____________ that secrete milk, enabling them to nourish their young until the young are mature enough to find food
|
mammary glands
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the time during which young placental mammals develop inside the uterus is called __________
|
gestation period
|
|
the uterus is a hollow ________-organ in female mammals in which the development of offspring takes place
|
muscular, sac-like
|
|
a gland isa cell or group of cells that secretes fluids needed by mammals for ______regulation and other life processes
|
temperature
|
|
insight learning is also known as _______and _________
|
trial and error
|
|
a male sea lion displays ________ when he patrols the area of the beach where his female sea lions rest
|
territorial behavior
|
|
ivan Pavlov was credited with being the first biologist who demonstrated _______conditioning on dogs
|
classical
|
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Owls sleep during the day and are awake at night because they have more than one : rods or cones
|
cones
|
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For trial and error learning to take place, an animal recieves a ________ for a specific response
|
reward
|
|
an example of _____ would be when young ducklings follow their mother
|
imprinting
|
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give three examples of how animal communication can occur:
|
language, signaling, pheremones
|
|
a famous pianist can play a melody after hearing someone hum a few bars, this is _________ behavior
|
cognitive
|
|
the ability of salmon to recognize their home stream at spawning time is an example of ________
|
imprinting
|
|
sleep cycles are called ________________
|
circadian rythym
|
|
______________ is a behavior that is usually influenced by changing seasons
|
migratory behavior
|
|
hunting in a pack is a type of social behavior. List 2 moreL
|
courting behavior, and agnostic behavior
|
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the resources in a _______ can include food, nesting sites, and potential mates
|
territory
|
|
the _______ of a society exhibit a type of social behaviors
|
members
|
|
trial and error
|
the process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful result
|
|
motivation
|
the reason one has for acting
|
|
insight
|
a complex set of innate behaviors
|
|
communication
|
allows animals to exchange information with eachother
|
|
language
|
auditory communication
|
|
pheremone
|
chemical communication
|
|
habituation
|
decrease in an animals response after being exposed
|
|
the _______ is a type of muscle that makes up the heart
|
cardiac muscle
|
|
an involuntary muscle _________ under unconscious control
|
contracts
|
|
the smooth muscle is found in _________ organs
|
internal
|
|
the first reaction of the body to a cut is to restore these tiny blood vessels
|
capalaries
|
|
third degree burns involve the death of the ______and _______ cells and layers
|
dermis and epidermis
|
|
by age 20 a person's ____ stop growing because hormones cause the growth centers at the ends of the ____ to degenerate
|
bones, bones
|
|
the skin regulates the temperature of the body on a hot day by dilating __________
|
cappalaries
|
|
the _______ is a type of connective tissue that keeps bones from rubbing together
|
cartilage
|
|
what is the joint in the skull region ______
|
sutures
|
|
myofibril is the smaller fiber in a _______ fiber
|
muscle
|
|
the process of bones maturing is called __________
|
ossification
|
|
myosin is the major ______ making up the thin filaments of ___________
|
protein, myofibrils
|
|
what is the type of joint that allows the widest range of movement?
|
ball and socket
|
|
_______________ protects the spinal cord
|
vertebral column
|
|
the process that uses oxygen to breakdown glucose into ATPs is _________ respiration
|
cellular
|
|
the smallest filtering unit of the kidney is the ______
|
nephron
|
|
this type of blood can be given to anyone
|
O-
|
|
microscopic blood vessels are called ________
|
cappalaries
|
|
______are produced by the body to attack antigens
|
antibodies
|
|
if your lungs could be laid out to show surface area, it would be the size of a ______ ______
|
tennis court
|
|
plasma makes up about _____% of your blood
|
50
|
|
name 3 things carried by the plasma
|
vitamins, minerals, and digested food
|
|
TF: your heart cannot replace lost cells
|
true
|
|
bones get longer at the ____
|
end
|
|
actin and myosin join to form this type of muscle fiber:
|
myofibril
|
|
actin is the major protein making up the thin filaments of _____
|
sarcomere
|
|
the neck is a _______ joint
|
pivot
|
|
in a sarcomere, which fibers slide when an electrical impulse stimulates them, actin or myosin
|
actin
|
|
list the 4 parts of the axial skeleton:
|
skull, ribs, vertebral columns, and sternum
|
|
what 3 things are produced in the red blood marrow
|
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
|
|
lifting heavy weights causes this muscle fiber to get thicker:
|
fast-twitch
|
|
the outer covering of the bone with nerves and blood vessels is called the ___________
|
periostem
|
|
Haversian canals run through _________bone
|
compact
|
|
the surface arterioles _______ to allow more blood to cool off
|
dialate
|
|
name one vitamin that can be made in the large intestine
|
Vitamin K
|
|
when you wave goodbye you use a _______ joint
|
gliding
|
|
what type of muscle needs the most mitochondria?
|
slow twitch
|
|
where does blood travel from the aorta?
|
arteris
|
|
when your diaphragm contracts your chest cavity becomes: expanded or smaller
|
expanded
|
|
what is considered to be normal blood pressure
|
120/80
|
|
List 2 things the kidneys do
|
filters waste, maintains pH
|
|
the _____ is the tube leading from the kidney to the bladder
|
uterur
|
|
where in the heart is the pacemaker found?
|
right atrium
|
|
what two type of blood cells lack a nucleus
|
red blood cells and platelets
|
|
what 3 systems are involved in breathing
|
muscular, respitory, and nervous
|
|
what helps veins get blood back to the heart, close to stop blood flow
|
valves
|
|
what causes antibodies to form
|
antigens
|
|
how many bones are in your body?
|
206
|
|
the largest veins in your body are called ___________
|
Vena Cava
|
|
what is the red iron pigment that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen
|
hemoglobin
|
|
systolic blood pressure occurs when ______ contract
|
the heart
|
|
which part of the brain controls conscious activities, memory, language, and the senses?
|
cerebrum
|
|
The _________ is the area of the brain that controls involuntary activities such as breathing and heart rate
|
medula oblongata
|
|
the shape of the diaphragm when it is in the exhaling position is a _____ shape
|
dome
|
|
Name 3 processes of breathing:
|
warm air, remove dirt, and release oxygen
|
|
trachea
|
tube that carries air from larynx to bronchi
|
|
alveoli
|
thin walled airsacs surrounded by cappalaries in the lung
|
|
hemoglobin
|
protein that carries oxygen to bodies cells in red blood cells
|
|
antigen
|
a substance foreign to the body causes immune responses
|
|
artery
|
elastic, thick-walled blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
|
|
atrium
|
heart chamber that recieves blood from the body
|
|
urine
|
waste product
|
|
nephron
|
filtering unit of the kidney
|
|
what order of mammals is capable of cognitive learning
|
primates
|
|
what special adaption do birds have in their lungs
|
air sacs
|
|
in 2009 what is the leading cause of death in the US
|
heart disease
|
|
what is the living bone cell called that is produced by an osteoblast?
|
osteocyte
|
|
the bone recycling cells which break down old and worn out bones are called _______
|
osteoclast
|
|
the formation of new bone cells by osteoblasts is called:
|
ossification
|
|
marsupials originated in ___America
|
North
|
|
the nourishment of the young inside the _____ occurs through the placents
|
uterus
|
|
mammals' reproductive cycle is _____ fertilazation as opposed to amphibian's ________fertilazation
|
internal, external
|
|
Trace a drop of blood from the right atrium and back to the right atrium
|
RA-->RV-->PA-->lungs-->PV-->LA-->LV-->aorta-->arteries-->arteriole-->capillaries-->cell-->capillaries-->venules-->veins-->Vena Cava-->RA
|