Biology Study Guide

Front 1

What are the three types of symbiosis and what happens in each?

Back 1

Mutualism – Both organisms benefit
Parasitism ­– one benefits and one disadvantages Commensualism – one benefits and one is neutral

Front 2

What are the general characteristics of Kingdom Protista?

Back 2

Eukaryotic, most diverse Kingdom

Front 3

What are the three groups of protists? What type of organisms belongs in each?

Back 3

Protozoa – animal-like
Algae – plant-like
Fungus-like

Front 4

What are the 4 phyla of protozoa? How does each move? How does each get its food? Is each one unicellular, multicellular or both? How does each reproduce? Which one has the most complex life cycle?

Back 4

1.Rhizopoda – pseudopodia, use pseudopodia, unicellular, binary fission (asexual)

2.Zoomastigina – use flagella, heterotrophic, unicellular, asexual

3.Ciliophora – cilia, heterotrophic, unicellular, asexual

4.Sporozoa – flagella, parasitic, unicellular, make spores - sexual, most complex life cycle.

Front 5

What are the structures of a Paramecium? What does each do?

Back 5

Cilia – movement
Macronucleus – daily functions
Micronucleus – sexual reproduction (conjugation)
Oral groove – traps food
Gullet – guides food into the body
Contractile vacuole – pumps water out of the body
Anal pore – gets rid of waste

Front 6

What are the 6 phyla of algae? Which ones are unicellular, multicellular or both? How does each get its food? Which ones move and how do the move? What are the structures that are used to hold non-moving ones in place? How does each reproduce?

Back 6

Euglenophyta – unicellular, autotrophic and heterotrophic, flagella, asexual
Bacillariophyta – unicellular, autotrophic, move on current in ocean, asexual and sexual (1/4 of original size)
Dinoflagellata – unicellular, autotrophic, 2 flagella at right angles, asexual
Rhodophyta – multicellular, autotrophic, holdfasts attach them to rocks, asexual
Chlorophyta – unicellular, multicellular and colonial, autotrophic, some move by flagella, fragmentation (asexual) and alternation of generations
Phaeophyta – multicellular, autotrophic

Front 7

Does each phylum of algae contains cell walls or plates? In each case where they are found, what are they made of?

Back 7

Euglenophyta – flexible pellicle
Bacillariophyta – cell walls/plates of silica
Dinoflagellata – cell wall of cellulose (same as plants)
Rhodophyta – cell walls
Chlorophyta – cell walls
Phaeophyta – cell walls

Front 8

What pigment molecules are found in all algae? What pigment molecules are found in only one specific phylum?

Back 8

All algae have – chlorophyll, carotenes, red pigments
Bacillariophyta – lots of carotene (golden color)
Rhodophyta – phycobilins (let them live in deep water)
Phaeophyta – fucoxanthin (brown color)

Front 9

What is a colony and which phylum has members that live that way? What is a plasmodium and which phylum has members that live that way?

Back 9

Colony – a group of single celled organisms that lie together and share resources, phylum Chlorophyta.
Plasmodium – body that has lots of nuclei with no cell walls or membranes separating them, phylum Myxomycota.

Front 10

What is alternation of generations? At which stage is the organism haploid? Diploid? Which make spore? Gametes which does mitosis to make its reproductive structures? Meiosis?

Back 10

Alternation of generations is a sexual life cycle.
Gametophyte – haploid, gametes by mitosis
Sporophyte – diploid, spores by meiosis

Front 11

What are the three phyla of fungus-like protists? What do they eat? Are they unicellular, multicellular or acellular? If they move, how do they move?

Back 11

Myxomycota – heterotrophic (decomposers), acellular, move by pseudopodia like amoebas
Acrasiomycota – decomposers, unicellular, move using flagella

Front 12

What are the differences between the two types of slime mold? When do they reproduce?

Back 12

Myxomycota - diploid and reproduce when nutrients and water are scarce
Acrasiomycota – always haploid, come together to reproduce when conditions are harsh.

Front 13

Which protists cause malaria? Sleeping sickness? Red tides? Are bioluminescent? Are the largest protists?

Back 13

Malaria – Sporozoa
Sleeping sickness – zoomastigina
Red tides – Dinoflagellata
Bioluminescent – dinoflagellata
Largest – Phaeophyta

Front 14

What are the different possibilities for protist evolution? Which protist are the ancestors of modern plants?

Back 14

Protists either evolved separately or are the ancestors of plants, animals and fungi. Phylum Chlorophyta is the ancestor of modern plants.

Front 15

The phylum that has parts that work together to digest food

Back 15

ciliophora

Front 16

The phylum that has a complex life cycle and is always parasitic

Back 16

sporazoa

Front 17

The phylum that contains kelp

Back 17

phaeophyta

Front 18

A root-like structure that anchors seaweed to the bottom of the ocean –

Back 18

holdfast

Front 19

Phylum that contains the organism that causes malaria

Back 19

sporazoa

Front 20

When 2 genetically identical cells form asexually

Back 20

binary fission

Front 21

The structure used by amoebas for movement and eating

Back 21

pseudopodia

Front 22

Phylum with 2 flagella that move at right angles so it can spin

Back 22

dinoflagellata

Front 23

Symbiosis one member benefits and the other is neutral

Back 23

commensualism

Front 24

In alternation of generations, makes gametes by mitosis

Back 24

gametophyte

Front 25

The symbiosis between humans, protists, and phylum sporazoa

Back 25

parasitism

Front 26

A body structure where there are no cell walls or membranes separation the nuclei

Back 26

plasmodium

Front 27

The phylum that can be bioluminescent and causes red tides

Back 27

dinoflagellata

Front 28

The phylum that forms spores when conditions are harsh

Back 28

myxomycota

Front 29

The symbiosis between termites and the flagellates in their intestines

Back 29

mutualism

Front 30

The phylum that both eats and moves with “false feet”

Back 30

rhizopoda

Front 31

When 2 ciliophora join and trade micronuclei

Back 31

conjugation

Front 32

The structure in paramecium that traps food

Back 32

oral groove

Front 33

Phycobilins that absorb blue and green light

Back 33

rhodophyta

Front 34

Phylum that has a filamentous body and is white and fuzzy

Back 34

oomycota