Biology Study Guide

Front 1

What chemicals in our cells are known as "the blueprint of life"?

Back 1

DNA

Front 2

what are the certain sections of DNA code for the production of proteins called?

Back 2

Genes

Front 3

what type of nucleic acids comes in at least three different forms, each of which helps in the protein construction process?

Back 3

RNA

Front 4

What are the building blocks of nucleotides?

Back 4

- nitrogenous base
- phosphate group
- deoxyribose sugar

Front 5

What is the name of the sugar in a DNA nucelotide?

Back 5

deoxyribose sugar

Front 6

In DNA, the complement of adenine (A) is which base?

Back 6

Thymine

Front 7

In DNA, the complement of guanine (G) is which base?

Back 7

Cytosine

Front 8

What is the process of copying DNA called?

Back 8

Replication

Front 9

What two type of chemicals make up chromosomes?

Back 9

DNA, Nucleic Acids

Front 10

How many chromosomes are typically found in most human cells?

Back 10

46

Front 11

what are parts of a chromosome?

Back 11

- centromere
- chromosome
- sister chromatids

Front 12

What is a chemical that can cut DNA at specific sequences?

Back 12

Restriction Enzyme

Front 13

What is DNA that seems to code for no genetic information?

Back 13

Introns

Front 14

What are pieces of DNA that result from being cut by special chemicals at specific locations?

Back 14

Restriction fragments

Front 15

What is the process of separating DNA fragments using an electrical current?

Back 15

Electrophoresis

Front 16

What is a specific sequence of DNA bases at which DNA may be recognized and cut by special chemicals?

Back 16

Restriction Site

Front 17

What types of human cells can serve as a source of DNA for DNA fingerprinting?

Back 17

sperm cells (or, cheek epithelium, blood, etc)

Front 18

Mitosis result in daughter cells that....

Back 18

ARE genetically identical to the parent cell.

Front 19

Who is considered to be the "Father of Genetics"?

Back 19

Gregor Mendel

Front 20

What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?

Back 20

genotype

Front 21

What is the physical appearance of an organism based on its genetic make called?

Back 21

Phenotype

Front 22

What is the genetic makeup that consists of two different allels called?

Back 22

Heterozygous

Front 23

What is the genetic makeup that consists of the same allel called?

Back 23

Homozygous

Front 24

In a heterozygote, what is the alles that mark the presence of another one called?

Back 24

Dominant Allel

Front 25

According to Mendel's rules of inheritace, how many alleles for each characteristic are contained in each sperm?

Back 25

one

Front 26

How many homologous pairs of chromosomes do human cells have?

Back 26

23

Front 27

Do homologous pairs of chromosomes have genetic information for the same characteristics?

Back 27

yes

Front 28

Are homologous chromosomes genetically identical?

Back 28

no

Front 29

Do you get both chromosomes in a homologous pair from the same parent?

Back 29

no

Front 30

What cellular process results in the production of egg and sperm with one chromosome from each homologous pair?

Back 30

meiosis

Front 31

In what process do egg and sperm join together to create a cell with homologous pairs of chromosomes?

Back 31

Fertilization

Front 32

Which term describes cells that have one chromosome from each homologous pair?

Back 32

Haploid

Front 33

Which term describes cells that have homologous pairs of chromosomes?

Back 33

Diploid

Front 34

What types of cells in the human body are haploid?

Back 34

Egg and sperm (or, sex cells, gametes)

Front 35

For something to be considered a macromolecule, what chemical element must be found in it?

Back 35

Carbon

Front 36

Which of the following is a chemical that acts as a building block for a larger chemical-

Back 36

Monomer

Front 37

Select which chemical that is the smallerst of these... momosaccharide, polysaccharide.

Back 37

Monosaccharide

Front 38

Select which chemical that is the smallest of these... glucose, starch

Back 38

glucose

Front 39

Select which chemical that is the smallest of these... amino acid, protein.

Back 39

Amino Acid

Front 40

When two monomers are bonded together to build a polymer, what substance important for life gets formed in the process?

Back 40

Water

Front 41

What is a Benedict reagent positive or negative when it turns from colorless to orange-red?

Back 41

Positive (for sugar)

Front 42

What organ system in your body is responsible for breaking down the large food items you eat into smaller chemicals that your cells can use directly?

Back 42

Digestive system

Front 43

Where in your body does the breakdown of food begin?

Back 43

Mouth

Front 44

What is the scientific term for the specific molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme?

Back 44

Substrate

Front 45

What is the scientific term for the specific location on an enzyme where a chemical reaction takes place?

Back 45

Active Site

Front 46

What is the scientific term for the chemical(s) that result from a chemical reaction mediated by an enzyme?

Back 46

Product

Front 47

What is the substrate of the enzyme amylase?

Back 47

Starch

Front 48

What product results from the action of amylase on its substrate?

Back 48

Maltose

Front 49

What was the enzyme used in these experiments?

Back 49

Pepsin

Front 50

What was the independent variable tested in these experiments?

Back 50

Temperature

Front 51

What was the dependent variable in these experiments?

Back 51

Reaction Rate

Front 52

Why was there low enzyme activity at 100 degrees Celcius?

Back 52

The enzymes were denatured

Front 53

What temperature appears to be the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?

Back 53

37-40 degree Celcius