Biology - Disease , Malaria, Immunity Etc. B1

Front 1

what are pathogens?
how are the symptoms causes?

Back 1

micro organisms that cause diseases
caused by cell damage or by toxines released by the pathogens

Front 2

step one of how white bloods cell defend againest pathogens

Back 2

white bloods cells engulf foreign cells and digest them

Front 3

how does producing antibodies fight againest pathogens?

Back 3

white bloods cells will start to produce antibodies when in contact with a foreign antigen. They love onto the new invading cells , more anotibodies will be produced and flow around body to destroy similar pathogens

Front 4

What are memory cells and what do they do?

Back 4

After a certain pathogen has been fought off some white cells stay around - these are memory cells. If the person is infected with the same pathegon again these cells will remember it and make antibodies to kill it.

Front 5

What is active immunity?

Back 5

immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by a pathogen. Active immunity is permanant.

Front 6

what is passive immunity?

Back 6

you use antibodies made by another organism. This is temporary.

Front 7

What is Immunisation?

Back 7

A vaccination is when dead or inactive pathogens are injecting into your body. They carry antigens so your white blood cells will produce antobodies to attack them.

Front 8

What is an antigen?

Back 8

unique Molecules are on the surface of its cells are called antigens.

Front 9

what is a blind trail?

Back 9

the patient doesn't know if they are receiving a placebo or new drug

Front 10

what is a placebo?

Back 10

harmless pill.
used in the comparison in drug testing so the effect of a new drug can be assessed.

Front 11

what is malaria caused by ?

Back 11

cuased by a protozon

Front 12

what are vectors?

Back 12

carry diseases

dont get it themselves

Front 13

how is malaria sprad?

Back 13

1. pick up malaria parasite when on infected animal

2. when mostiquees feeds - infects animal with inserting parasite into their blood

Front 14

advanatges and disadvantages of vaccincations?

Back 14

-diseases wont spread easily

- mmr vaccine links with autism

Front 15

how to reduce spread of malaria?

Back 15

area of water where mosquitos lay their eggs can be drained or sprayed with insectides

fish can be put into water to eat mosuiqto larvae

Front 16

advantages of disadvantages of immunisation?

Back 16

advantage - disease wont spread easily

disadvantage - MMR links in autism

Front 17

what are antiboitics?

Back 17

kill own bacteria without killing your own body cells

Front 18

what are antivrals and wat do they do?

Back 18

treat viral infections and drugs that stop viruses from reproducing

Front 19

what can taking too many anitbotics cause?

Back 19

lead to increased rate of ddevelopment of resistant strains

Front 20

how is cancer caused?

Back 20

caused by body cells dividing out of control this forms tumour( mass of cells )

Front 21

describe benigm tumour

Back 21

tumour grows until theres no room

cells stay where they are

isnt dangerous

Front 22

describe malignant tumour

Back 22

tumour grows and can spread to others sites in the body

fatal, dangerous

Front 23

how are drugs tested?

Back 23

1) computermodels

- stimulate a humans response to a drug

2) human tissues

- however cant use human to test drugs that affect whole body systems

3) test on animals

Front 24

testing drugs n humans?

Back 24

paclinal trail

2 groups

one group gets real drug, other group gets placebo

Front 25

what is a double blind trail?

Back 25

patient or scientist doesn't know if new drug is placebo or real drug

Front 26

how is malaria spread?

Back 26

pick up malaria parasite when they on infected animal

when mosquitos feeds on another animal it infects it , by inserting parasite into animals blood