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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
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the production of offspring that does not involve the union of gamets
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asexual reproduction
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an asexual division of prokaryotes that produces identical offspring
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binary fission
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eukaryotic nuclear division
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mitosis
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a form of asexual reproduction in which the part of a cell pinches off an offspring cell.
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Budding
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a resistant reproductive cell of some organisms; such as some plants, fungi, and protists
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Spores
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a form of asexual reproduction in which individual cells are released that act as spores
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fragmentation
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asexual reproduction in plants
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vegetative propagation
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the production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms;.
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sexual reproduction
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in plants and algae, a multicellular structure that produces gamets; dominant species in nonvascular (moss)
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gametophyte
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one of the diploid generation of land plants that produces spores; dominant generation in vascular (oak) plants
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sporophyte
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the diploid cell that results from the fusin of gametes
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zygote
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a seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit
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gymnosperm
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a seed plant whose seeds are protected in an fruit (ripened ovary); a.k.a flowering plant
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Angiosperm
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an angiosperm with a single cotyledon, parallel veins, and flower parts in multiples of 3's
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Monocotyledones
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an angiosperm with two cotyledons. netted intertwining veins, and flower parts in multiples of 4's and 5's
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Dicotyledones
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the swollen tip of the branch/stem which is the base of the flower
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receptacle
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a modified leaf that protects the younger flower, usually smaller then the pedals
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Sepal
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one of the leaf-shaped parts of the corolla of a flower, usually brightyl colored and conspicuous
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Petal
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the structure in the flower that produces pollen
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Stamen
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the microsporangium of an angiosperm in which pollen grains are produced
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anther
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the structure that supports the anther
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filament
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a plant structure formed of fused carpels
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pistil
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an expanded apex of a pistil, supported by the style; the part of the pisitl that recieves the pollen
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stigma
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the stalk-like structure of the ovary
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style
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the egg producing organ in a plant
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ovary
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A small opening in the ovule of a seed plant through which the pollen tube usually enters
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Micropyle
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the larger of the two kinds of spores; produced by meiosis in a megasporangium
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Megaspore
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The smaller of the two kinds of spores; produced by meiosos in a megasporangium
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Microspore
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the microgametophyte of seed plants
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pollen grain
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the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species
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Pollination
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the process in which two types of cell fusion take place in the embryo sac
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Double Fertilization
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one of the small vesicles containing a developing ovum in the ovary of a mammal
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graafian follicle
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The divisions of the zygote immediately following fertilization
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cleavage
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a ball of cells produced by cleavage of the zygote
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morula
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a hollow ball of cells formed when a zygote goes through repated cycles of cell division
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blastula(blastocyst)
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The blastula collapsing, which forms a cup-shaped gastrula (embryo) with a gut called the archeteron, and multiple layers
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gastrulation
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the outside germ layer of the gastrula; forms skin, hair, nails and nervous system
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ectoderm
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the insider germ layer of the gastrula; surrounds the archeteron
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endoderm
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In most phyla, the third layer formed between the endoderm and ectoderm; forms skeleton, muscles, inner layer of skin, circulatory system, and lining of the body cavity
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mesoderm
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an organism in which the blastopore develops into the mouth and the coelom arises by schizocoely whos embryo has gone through spiral cleavage; "first mouth"
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protostome
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each cell in the blastula nestles between 2 cells of the adjacent row
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spiral cleavage
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the blastopore develops into the anus and a second opening becomes the mouth through radial cleavage; "second mouth"
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deuterostomes
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the cell divisions are parallel to or at right angles to the axis from one pole of the blastula to the other
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radial cleavage
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a process in which each cell develops into a specific part of the gastrula
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determinate cleavage
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a pattern of development in which the functional destiny of each cell is not determined early in the development of the embryo
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indeterminate cleavage
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the coelom formation in protostomes that involces splitting the embryonic mesoderm into two layers
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schizocoely
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the process of mesoderm formation in deuterostomes in which the coelom forms in folded mesoderm
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enterocoely
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type of body cavity-"no body cavity"....in flatworms and he interior of the animal is solid mesoderm
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acoelomate
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type of body cavity-"false body cavity"...in rotifers and roundworms, and the mesoderm lines the fluid-filled coelom and the gut is suspended in the fluid of the coelom
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Pseudocoelomate
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type of body cavity-"true coelom"...mesoderm lines the body cavity and surrounds and supports the gut, forms liver and lungs;;mollusks, annelids, arthropods, chordates, echinoderms
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Coelomate
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laying/releasing of eggs (maternal connection)
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Oviparous
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born live from eggs (no maternal connection);;always internal
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oviviparous
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born live with a maternal connection;;;always internal
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viviparous
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done by some fish, involves depositing of eggs in nest and sperm being released over the eggs
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Spawning
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Thin membrane enclosing fluid in which the embryo forms
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Amnion
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surrounds all the other membranes and helps protect the embryo (part of placenta in mammal)
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Chorion
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stores nitrogenous wastes produced by the embryo and acts as a "lung"
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Allantois
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