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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do the bases on DNA pair up?
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A with T and C with G.
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What is an allele?
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An alternative form of a gene.
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What is the term used to describe the structure of DNA?
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Double helix.
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
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For growth and repair.
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
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To produce genetically unique individual gametes.
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What is a gamete?
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A sex cell. Joins with another gamete to form a zygote.
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what two processes in meiosis lead to variation?
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cross-over and independent assortment.
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What is variation?
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Natural differences in characteristics between organisms.
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What is mutation?
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A random permanent change in an organism's DNA.
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What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
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Diploid cells have a full set of chromosomes (2n).
Haploid cells have a half set of chromosomes (n). |
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What is a gene?
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A length of DNA that codes for a specific characteristic.
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How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?
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2 identical daughter cells.
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What is a zygote?
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A fertilized egg.
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What is a test cross used for?
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A test cross is normally used to find out is an animal is pure bred.
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What is a phenotype?
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The characteristics of an organism produced by a genotype.
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What is involved in a test cross?
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A test cross involves crossing an animal with a homozygous recessive animal.
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How may daughter cells does meiosis produce?
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Meiosis produces 4 unique daughter cells.
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What is fertilization?
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The joining of a male and female gamete to form a zygote.
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What is the purpose of a punnet square?
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A punnet square is used to predict the genotype and phenotype of offspring after a mating.
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What is homozygous?
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Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
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What are the similarities between meiosis and mitosis?
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-they both produce daughter cells.
-they are both types of cell division. -they both involve DNA replication. |
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What is a dominant allele?
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An allele that controls the phenotype regardless of what the other allele is. Represented by a capital letter.
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Why is variation important?
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Genetic variation is important in a population, as if the environment changes, some offspring will have phenotypes that will help them survive.
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What is a characteristic?
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A distinctive inherited feature of an organism.
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What are the differences between meiosis and mitosis?
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Meiosis=produces 4 daughter cells.
Mitosis=produces 2 daughter cells. Meiosis=produces unique daughter cells. Mitosis= produces identical daughter cells. Meiosis= occurs in sex organs. Mitosis= occurs in all body cells. Meiosis= purpose is to create gametes. Mitosis= purpose is for growth and repair of body cells. Meiosis= produces haploid cells. Mitosis= produces diploid cells. |
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What are chromosomes?
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Thread like structures bearing genes, that are found in the nucleus of every cell.
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