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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AIM
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What person is trying to find out or prove through completing experiment
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
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What cannot be controlled in an experiment
eg. room temperature |
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DEPENDENT VARIABLES
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What can be controlled in an experiment. eg: amount of water used
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CONTROL
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What stays the same (has stable control)
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RESULTS
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Measurements, what changed/stayed the same, what was hard to control
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CONCLUSION
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Sum up aim, if results were met and any new results undiscovered previously
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ECOSYSTEM
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Consists of a community, its physical surroundings and the interaction between them
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HABITAT
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part of an ecosystem in which an organism lives, feeds and reproduces
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COMMUNITY
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composition of many populations
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AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES
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availability of reasources contributes to organism survival including the factors of food, shelter and mating
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TOLERANCE RANGE
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a tolerance range identifies the variation within which an organism can survive in
eg. range of temperature that polar bears can survive in |
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LIMITING FACTORS
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exceeding limit of tolerence range, making it difficult for a species to survive
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BIODIVERSITY
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number of: variety of life forms living in an ecosystem
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ECOLOGICAL NICHE
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role of a species in a community
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ABIOTIC FACTORS
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non-living
eg: weather |
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BIOTIC FACTORS
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living
eg: predators |
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FOOD WEB
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shows direction of energy flow and is comprised of multiple food chains
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FOOD CHAIN
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shows direction of enery flow
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TROPHIC LEVELS
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1st - producers (plants)
2nd - primary consumers (herbivores) 3rd - secondary consumery (carnivores) 4th - tertiary consumers (carnivores, predators) |
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DECOMPOSER
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organisms that breakdown and absorb organic matter of dead organisms
eg: fungi |
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DETRITIVORE
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organisms that eat particles of organic matter found in soil or water
eg: dung beetle |
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HERBIVORE
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organism that eats plant
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OMNIVORE
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organism that eats both plant and animal
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CARNIVORE
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organisms that kill and eat animals
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BIOACCUMULATION OF TOXINS
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increasing accumulation of non-biodegradable substance (toxins) in organisms at higher trophic levels within an ecosystem
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PREDATOR - PREY RELATIONSHIP
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a species (predator) kills and eats another living animal (prey)
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PARASITE - HOST RELATIONSHIP
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parasite lives on host and feeds off it including its nutrients without killing it. Host may suffer but the parasite only benefits
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SYMBIOSIS
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prolonged association between different species in a community in which at least one partner benefits
eg: parasitism, mutualism, commensalism |
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MUTULALISM
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association between different species in a community where both gain some benefit
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COMMENSALISM
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association between different species in a community where one benefits and the other is not harmed
eg: clown fish & anemone - fish protected by tenticles which are poisonus to other water organisms |
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INTRA(SPECIFIC) COMPETITION
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competition with same species
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INTER(SPECIFIC) COMPETITION
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competition with different species
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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process whereby sunlight and green plants (mitochondria) are combined with water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION
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6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water + light energy = glucose + oxygen |
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CHLOROPHYLLS
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light trapping pigments
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MITOCHONDRION
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converts chemical energy into ATP
eg: nitrogen --> muscular movement |
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION EQUATION
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38(energy)
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NUMBER PYRAMID
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number of organisms at each trophic level per unit area within an ecosystem
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BIOMASS PYRAMID
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total mass of organic matter present in all living things in a given space within an ecosystem
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ENERGY PYRAMID
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amount of energy input to each trophic level in a given area of an ecosystem over an extended period of time
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POPULATION DYNAMICS
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birth rate (b)
death rate (d) im [in] migration rate (i) e [out] migration rate (e) |
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CARRYING CAPACITY
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sfg
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HOMEOSTASIS
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maintaining stable internal environment
eg: 37*C body temp |
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ADAPTATION
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a change in structure, physiological or behavioral characteristics of a species to improve chance of survival in an environment
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STRUCTUAL ADAPTATION
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external adaptation of a species
eg: wings (animal) leaves (plant) |
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PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
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internal adaptation of a species
eg: closed circulatory system (animal) auxin (plant) |
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BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATION
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behaviour as a reaction to the environment
eg: peacock (animal) geotropism (plant) |
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REPRODUCTIVE ADAPTATION
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could include structual, physiological and behavioural adaptation. becomes an advantage to birth, development, gestation period
eg: placenta (animal) colourful petals (plant) |
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INNATE BEHAVIOUR
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instinctive behaviour, occurs without previous experience. usually similar within a species group
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LEARNED BEHAVIOUR
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a behaviour that is learned from others, by a species (after it is born)
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TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOUR
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when a species defends a territory form intruders
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FEEDING BEHAVIOUR
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action of species directed to obtaining food (nutrients)
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REPRODUCTIVE/COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR
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behiaviour of species that results in them gaining a partner (two gametes meeting)
eg: peacock |
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K SELECTION
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"slower and fewer"
-fewer offspring -greater chance of survival -great parental care -better developed -usually longer gestation eg: humans, elephants (most mammals) |
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r SELECTION
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"quick and many"
-large numbers of offspring -lesser chance of survival -little or no parental care -shorter gestation period -born not fully developed eg: cane toad, bacteria |
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INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
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union of two gametes inside a body
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EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
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egg and sperm fuse in external environment (outside a body)
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PARENTAL CARE
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survival rate is higher dure to extra care for newborn
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GEOTROPISM
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moves in response to gravity. eg:
auxin elongates shoots to grow upways (negitive response) and roots to grow downwards (positive geotropic response) |
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PHOTOTROPISM
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moves in response to light
eg: hormone auxin |
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THIGMOTROPISM
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change in growth due to contact with another subject
eg: grapevine |
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AUXIN
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hormone responsible for bending of plants by elongating cells through geotropic and phototropic responses
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INTRODUCED SPECIES EFFECTS
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may be harmful to native species by:
-bringing diseases -limiting their reasources -damage their environment -may kill/extinct native species |
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HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM
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-potentially controlled fires/floods
-mining activities -land clearing -needs for roads, housing -introduction to new flora/fauna |
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FIRE EFFECT ON AUSTRALIAN ECOSYSTEMS
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-loss of species flora/fauna (some plants can regenerate)
-species lose food source -no fires means no more tall canopies eg: when the trees die, the leaves fall and give seedlings below sunlight to develop |
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OSMOREGULATION
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control of concentration: like homo but with water/salt concentrations
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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-picks up and transports messages to parts around the body
-made up of CNS and P(eripheral)NS -neurons transmit nerve impulses |
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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a.k.a homonal system
detects when there is an internal environmental change within cells such as water balance or temperature |
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REFLEX RESPONSE
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sence organs continually monitor our external environment
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