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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are proteins made up of?
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smaller 'building blocks' or monomers called amino acids
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What do proteins consist of?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen some contain sulphur |
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Why are proteins important?
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-growth or new cells and tissues -enzymes -other structural molecules |
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What do nucleic acids contain?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
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Why are nucleic acids important?
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-storing and retrieving genetic information -controlling cell functions |
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What are the nucleic acids?
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DNA and RNA
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Discuss the R group.
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-residual group -different in each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins |
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Complete the sentence. _______________ form when two amino acids are joined by a _____________ reaction. |
peptide bonds condensation |
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Complete the sentence. ______________ may be broken by a ______________ reaction. |
peptide bonds hydrolysis |
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What is a polypeptide?
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a polymer of amino acids, each joined to the others by a covalent bond called a peptide bond
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
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the sequence, type and number of the amino acids in the amino acid chain
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What are the two main types of secondary folding?
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Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
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Complete the sentence. The tertiary _____ is vital to the ____ of the _______ molecule. |
3D shape function protein |
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Complete the sentence. Some proteins are made up of more than one _______________ and therefore have a ______________. |
polypeptide chain quaternary structure |
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Complete the sentence. ________ proteins have a 3D shape that forms after the ________ and ___________ of the ____________ structure. |
globular twisting folding secondary |
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Give an example of a globular protein with a quaternary structure.
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haemoglobin
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Complete the sentence. ________ proteins have a long, _______ shape that forms after the __________ of the ___________ structure. |
fibrous rope like twisting secondary |
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What are hydrogen bonds?
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attractions between the slight positive charge of a group on one amino acid and the slight negative charge on another
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What are ionic bonds?
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attractions between a positively charged R group of one amino acid and a negatively charged R group on another.
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What is a hydrophobic interaction?
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the association between the hydrophobic R groups of amino acids, where water is excluded
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What are disulfide bonds?
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covalent bonds between sulphur atoms of the R group of two cysteine amino acids.
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What is a prosthetic group?
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a non protein part of a protein molecule that is permanently attached to the molecule
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What is a conjugated protein?
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a globular protein with a prosthetic group, such as haem in haemoglobin
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What is the haem in haemoglobin responsible for?
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carrying oxygen
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What is trypsin?
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an enzyme that is secreted by the pancreas
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Give an example of a fibrous protein.
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collagen
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What is a Biuret test?
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a test for the presence of proteins
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What is DNA?
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a double stranded polymer of nucleotide molecules that carriers the information for protein synthesis
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Complete the sentence. There are _______ types of _____, all of which are important in _________. |
three RNA protein synthesis |
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Complete the sentence. _______ are polymers of nucleotides ________________ together. |
polynucleotides covalently bonded |
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There are five types of what?
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organic nitrogenous bases
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Each new DNA molecule is formed by...
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semi conservative replication
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Complete the sentence. A _______ relates to the three ________ read along the DNA strand that code for _________. |
triplet code nitrogenous bases amino acids |
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Define transcription.
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the process of copying the code exactly to form a template of mRNA.
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Define translation.
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the process by which information in the code from the sequence of bases in messenger RNA controls the sequence of amino acids that a ribosome assembles.
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