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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an enzyme?
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compounds made of proteins.
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What do enzymes do?
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they start and speed up chemical reactions within cells.
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What are enzyems known as?
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catalysts.
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What does a catalist do?
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it increases the speed of chemical reactions.
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What do enzymes look like?
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all enzymes have specific shapes and are very senstive to changes.
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What do enzymes break protein into?
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amino acids.
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What do enzymes break carbohydrates into?
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glucose.
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Why can these new molecules enter the cells?
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because they're smaller.
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What are the 4 things that effect enzymes?
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-temperature
-pH (acid or basic) -substrate concentration -enzyme concentration |
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What happens to the rate of reaction when enzymes have a temperature at which they work best?
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above the temperature the rate decreases.
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What happens when enzymes become distorted or change shape?
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they can't work.
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What is this called?
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denaturing.
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At what temperature does this occur in the human body?
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104 degrees Farenheit.
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What kills enzymes needed for life?
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high fevers.
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When does heat energy cause more collissions?
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between enzyme and substrate.
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___________ temperature for humans is close to 37 degrees.
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optimum
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Enzymes denature at high temperatures so as a result..
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rate falls rapidly.
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What is a substrate?
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the substance that is being worked on by the enzyme.
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What is the active site?
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the place where the reaction occurs.
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When are enzymes no longer used?
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after reaction is complete.
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What will happen if the temperature is too hot or too cold?
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the reaction won't occur.
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When do enzymes work best?
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at a certain pH.
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What is the pH scale?
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its used to measure acids and bases.
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What are acids?
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solutions that have many hydrogen ions in it.
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What are bases?
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solutions that have many hydroxide ions in it.
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The numbers on a pH scale go from _________.
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0-14.
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__________=acidic
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0-6.
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__________=neutral
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7.
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__________=basic
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8-14.
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Pure water is __________
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neutral (7).
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Human blood is slightly _______.
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basic (7.4)
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What is an organic substance?
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a substance that includes both Carbon & Hydrogen.
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What is an inorganic substance?
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a substance that includes either Carbon or Hydrogen.
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What is an example that represents an organic compound?
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C12H22O11
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What element is present in living things and in all organic compounds?
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carbon
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What substance found in the cytoplasm of an abema is an inorganic compound?
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water
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What is the main inorganic compound?
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water
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*What organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it?
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starch-glucose
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Plants store carbs in the form of ____________.
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starch
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2 examples of carbs are...
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sugars & starches
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In living organisms, lipids function mainly as...
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sources of stored energy & components of cellular membranes
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Animals commonly store energy in the form of...
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fat & glycogen
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What organic compound is produced when 3 fatty acid molecules bond to 1 glycerol molecule?
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glycogen
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Every living thing contains molecules of...
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protein
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Saturated molecules of this nutrient, which may predispose humans to cardiovascular disease, are solid at room temperature.
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lipids
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Proteins ingested by animals are immediate sources of...
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amino acids
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If there were no nitrogen compounds in the soil, the most immediate effect on plants growing in that soil would be difficulty in synthesizing...
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amino acids & proteins
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An element found in all proteinnns but not found in carbs and lipids is...
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nnnitrogen
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Hemoglobin, insulin, albumin, & maltase,which are composed of chains of amino acids, are examples of...
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proteins
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