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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the difference between antibodies and antigens?
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Antibodies are defenses in an immune system, antigens are the attacking invaders from outside the immune system.
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What do B lymphocytes do?
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secrete antibodies called immmunoglobulins
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B lymphocytes do something with immunoglobulins.
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What do T lymphocytes do?
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express surface proteins (T-cell receptors)
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T lymphocytes express proteins somewhere
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Where do immunoglobulins come from?
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antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes
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What do immunoglobulins do?
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react with soluble antigens
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react with what?
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What is the physical form of immunoglobulins?
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tetrametric proteins, 2 identical heavy and light chains
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blank metric , blank# of heavy and light chains
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What do T lymphocyte surface proteins do ?
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bind antigens on other cells
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How is the diversity of immunoglobulins (T receptors) generated?
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by recombination during immune system development.
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How many genes does the human genome have?
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10 to the fifth power
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How many different antibodies are possible in the human system?
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10 to the eleventh power
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At which terminus of each heavy and light chain is the constant region?
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The C-terminus
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At which terminus of each heavy and light is the variable region?
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The N-terminus
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Which region and terminus contains the antigen binding site?
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The variable region on the N-terminus
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How many antigen binding sites does each antibody have?
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2 sites per antibody molecule
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What type of region did the B lymphocyte's unique immunoglobulins develop in ?
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the variable region
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Which allows mutagenic events more often, T cell receptors or immunglobulins?
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Immunoglobulins.
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Diversity is in both.
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What are five things antigens can be?
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1. a pure protein,
2. carbohydrates or lipids with or without proteins, 3. cells or cell parts, 4.recombinant proteins expressed in bacteria, 5.synthetic peptides (10-15 aa) deduced from DNA sequence info for YFG |
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Polycolonal antibodies use antigen to do what?
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inoculate (in adjuvant, an oily mixture to stimulate the system) at weekly intervals
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What is serum?
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the soluble fraction from clotted blood
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How many antibodies are on a variety of sites on the antigen protein in polycolonal antibodies?
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One.
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Polycolonals sometimes do what with other proteins what contain similar antigenic sites?
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cross-react
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