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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main components of a cell?
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Nucleus
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm |
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Mitochondria
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Like the powerplant of a city... The main function of the mitochondrion is the production of energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cell uses this energy to perform the specific work necessary for cell survival and function
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Ribosomes
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Like labourers within the city...
Made of protein and RNA Sites of protein synthesis Found at two locations Free in the cytoplasm Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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What are the 3 main regions of the Nucleus?
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Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus Chromatin |
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What does the nuclear membrane do and what does it consist of?
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The Nuclear membrane acts as a barrier for the Nucleus.
It is made up of a double Phospholipid membrane. Contains nuclear Pores that allow for exchange of materials within the rest of the cell. |
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What are Chromatin?
Where are they found? What do they do? |
Chromatin are comprised of DNA & Protein
They are found scattered throughout the Nucleus Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides |
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What are organelles?
What do they do? |
Tiny Organs
Organelles are tiny structures in the cell that perform specialise functions |
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The Main similarities between eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
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SIMILARITIES:
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material. 2. They are both membrane bound. 3. They both have ribosomes . 4. They have similar basic metabolism . 5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms. |
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The main differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
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DIFERENCES:
1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not 2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells. 4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes. 5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none made of peptidoglycan. 6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held within its nucleus and associated with histones (proteins) 7. Eukaryotes undergo mitosis; prokaryotes divide by binary fission (simple cell division) |
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What is the plasma membrane?
What Does it consist of? |
Like the gate to a city...
Barrier for cell contents Double phospholipid layer Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails Also contains protein, cholesterol, & glycoproteins |
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What is Cytoplasm?
what is its role within the cell? |
Like the lawns & parks within a city...
Jelly like material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane Houses the Organelles |
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Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Smooth & Rough |
like the motorways within a city...
Goods are manufactured and shipped to needed areas via the road system. Rough ER is named for the presence of ribosomes along its membrane and is the source of proteins. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis and processes a variety of metabolic processes such as drug detoxification. |
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Nucleus
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Like the mayor of a city...
Control center of the cell Contains genetic material (DNA) deoxyribonucleicacid Three regions Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Chromatin |
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Nucleoli
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Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
Sites of ribosome production Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores |
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Golgi Apparatus
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Like a post office...
The golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins It is used for shipping goods created by the ER and ribosomes to the rest of cell. It creates 3 different types of packages (Secreatory vesicles, Cell membrane components, Lysosomes) |
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Lysosome
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Like bin men...
Contain enzymes that digest non-usable materials within the cell. |
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Peroxisomes
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Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Detoxify harmful substances Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) Replicate by pinching in half |
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Cytoskeleton
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like steel girders which build up the internal framework of a city...
Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm Provides the cell with an internal framework |
