Biology Practical Unit Iii

Front 1

Shoot Apical Meristem

Back 1

Grows in length by a meristem

Front 2

Root Apical Meristem

Back 2

Root growing by its length

Front 3

Vascular Cambiam

Back 3

Growth in Girth. Produces additional wood (secondary xylem) to its inside and that produces the inner bark (secondary phloem) to its outside.

Front 4

Indeterminate Growth

Back 4

No limit to how big a living organism can grow

Front 5

Determinate Growth

Back 5

A limit to when growth is reached

Front 6

Leaf Marginal Meristem

Back 6

Where a leaf grows out from (the edge)

Front 7

Epidermis

Back 7

Outer layer of of cells of a stem. Coated with a waxy cuticle

Front 8

Cortex

Back 8

Layer inward of the epidermis

Front 9

Phloem

Back 9

Contains vascular bundles that consist of a layer of cells that conduct photosynthates

Front 10

Xylem

Back 10

A layer of cells that conduct water. Comprised of open-ended water conducting vessel elements, tapered water-conducting tracheids and living cells called parenchyma.

Front 11

Pith

Back 11

Center of a stem that consists of parenchyma.

Front 12

Leaves

Back 12

Leaf has a lateral bud that can potentially grow new branches

Front 13

Leaf Primordia

Back 13

Located in the very center of the shoot apical meristem. They are bumps that develop into leaves and later into bud primordia that'll develop into buds.

Front 14

Mesophyll Cells

Back 14

Contain chloroplasts -- needed for photosynthesis to occur.

Front 15

Air Pockets

Back 15

Gap that are filled with gas that plants use

Front 16

Stomata

Back 16

An opening where water vapour and other gasses leave and enter the plant.

Front 17

Waxy Cuticle

Back 17

Epidermis is coated with a waxy cuticle that prevents the taking up of CO2 or the lost of H2O

Front 18

Guard Cells

Back 18

Surrounds the stomata. Prevents water from exiting or CO2 from entering.

Front 19

Root Cap

Back 19

Protects the actively growing tip, lubricates its path and is involved in sensing gravity.

Front 20

Mucigel

Back 20

Filled with polysaccharides and proteins. A slime.

Front 21

Zone of Cell Division

Back 21

Located behind the root cap.

Front 22

Root Hairs

Back 22

They increase the surface area of the root and are associated with parts of the root that are actively absorbing salts and minerals from the soil.

Front 23

Casparian Strip

Back 23

A waxy material that blocks the passage of water and dissolved minerals through the cell walls between the living parts of the cell.

Front 24

What is the difference between herbaceous plants and woody ones?

Back 24

The activity of a vascular cambium differs. The vascular cambium expands the girth of a woody stem.

Front 25

Auxin

Back 25

Responsible for apical dominance, suppression of growth in lateral buds that are near the active meristem. Auxin is produced in the shoot apical meristem. It inhibits the expansion of lateral buds. They also stimulate the stomata to open.

Front 26

Ethylene

Back 26

Synchronizes the ripening of fruit. Can cause epinastic growth - occurs when the upper side of the petiole of a leaf grows faster than the lower side so that the leaves curl downward.

Front 27

Gibberellins

Back 27

Affects stem elongation and seed germintation.

Front 28

Abscisic Acid

Back 28

Closes the stomata, as well as being a growth inhibitor in seeds and buds. Closes the stomata to conserve evopotranspiration.

Front 29

Cytokinins

Back 29

Stimulates growth in the plant body.

Front 30

Plastic

Back 30

Individual plants grows and acclimates to its own environment.

Front 31

Hormones

Back 31

Regulates stem elongation, branching, flowering, fruit ripening, stress tolerance.

Front 32

5 Types of Hormones

Back 32

Auxins, Absisic Acid, Ethylene, Gibberellins, Cytokinins.