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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
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The Hardy-Weinberg Law is a hypothetical model that examines circumstances that cause evolution. (If random sexual selection is the only factor affecting allele frequencies, then no evolution will occur - The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)
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What are the factors that will cause evolution to occur?
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Mutations, chance events, or unequal reproductive success among genotypes in the population, the allele frequencies will not match those for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, and evolution will occur.
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What is the actual equation?
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p(squared) + 2pq + q(squared) = 1
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What is genetic drift?
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When mutations or random events can quickly change the genetic makeup of a small population.
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What is the founder effect?
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An extreme case of genetic drift. It occurs when a small number of individuals branch off the main population and colonize a new habitat.
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What is allopatric speciation?
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It arises from the separation of populations by a geographic barrier, such as a river or mountain. The barrier prevents gene flow between the populations, and natural selection acts on each population separately.
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What is parapatric speciation?
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It occurs when a small part of a larger population branches off in the absencee of geographic speciation, in which a small part of a larger population separates itself without the presence of a geographic barrier.
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What is sympatric speciation?
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This occurs when a new species originates within a larger population, usually by a genetic mutation. They occur frequently in plants, when chromosomal doubling results in unique genotypes that can reproduce only with each other.
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