Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
WHAT DOES
"PHOTO" MEAN? |
Light
|
|
WHAT DOES
"SYNTHESIS" MEAN? |
To Make
|
|
AUTOTROPH
|
An organism that can
produce it's own food. |
|
HETEROTROPH
|
An organism that must
take in food for energy. |
|
WHAT IS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS? |
The Process where
organisms capture radiant energy, combine it with CO2 to produce Glucose and O2. |
|
WHAT ARE TWO TO
PROCESSES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS? |
Light Reaction
Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle) |
|
WHAT ARE THREE
MAJOR EVENTS THAT TAKE PLACE DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS? |
*Light absorption
*Conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy *Storage (Sugars) |
|
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
THE SUN'S RADIANT ENERGY TRAVELS... |
in waves
|
|
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
VISABLE LIGHT APPEARS WHITE BUT IS ... |
a combination of
colors traveling at different wavelengths |
|
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
OBJECTS APPEAR IN CERTAIN COLORS BECAUSE... |
they reflect the
wavelengths of that color |
|
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT:
COLORS THAT ARE ABSORBED ARE... |
not seen
|
|
WHAT IS A
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISM? |
Any organism that can
trap radiant energy and convert it into energy, ie: Green Plants. |
|
CHLOROPLAST
|
Specialized organelles that
contain various pigments |
|
WHAT ARE THE PIGMENTS?
|
Chlorophyll
Chlor Carotenes Xanophyll Anthocyanins |
|
CHLOROPHYLL
|
Green that absorbs
radiant energy from the sun. |
|
CHLOR
|
A & B absorb major wave-
lengths of radiant energy and reflect green which contain U.V. rays. |
|
CAROTENES
|
Orange Colors
|
|
XANOPHYLL
|
Yellow colors
|
|
ANTHOCYANINS
|
Reds and Purples
|
|
WHY DO LEAVES CHANGE?
|
Light intensity changes
Chlorophyll breaksdown (greens fade) Accessory pigments remain |
|
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
SITE |
Leaf food supply factory:
Large surface area = more absorption. Structure is adapted to minimize light absorption and diffuse C02. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
WHAT IS UPPER EPIDERMIS? |
A single layer of cells
(upper and lower) |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS WHAT IS THE CUTICLE? |
Waxy layer that provides
water repellant protection on top of the epidermis. Cutin |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS WHAT IS STOMATA? |
Pores that allow gas exchange
via diffusion. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS WHAT ARE GUARD CELLS? |
Cells that cover and protect
the stomata. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE SUN COMES UP? |
PS starts...
glucose is made... osmosis H2O rush into guard cells which expand & rock back |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE SUN GOES DOWN? |
PS ends...
cell respiration uses glucose... H2O leaves cells... guard cells shrink & collapse in. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS WAHT ARE THE 2 PARTS OF MESOPHYLL |
Pallisade parynchyma
(upper mesophyll) Spongy parenchyma (lower mesphyll) |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS VASCULAR TISSUE (VEIN) |
XYLEM:
Carries H2O to the leaf PHLOEM: Carries glucose and wastes away from the leaf. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS TRANSPIRATION |
Loss of H2O vapor
through the stomates |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS COHESION |
H2O is pulled up the
stem Xylem by strong attraction of water molecules to each other. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
UPPER EPIDERMIS ADHESION |
Strong attraction of water
molecules to the Xylem Walls. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE CHLOROPLAST? |
Thylakoids
Grana Stroma |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
CHLOROPLAST WHAT ARE THYLOAKOIDS? |
Flattened sacs in the
Choroplast where the light reaction occurs. |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
CHLOROPLAST WHAT ARE GRANA? |
Stacked thylakoids
in the Choroplast |
|
LEAF STRUCTURE:
CHLOROPLAST WHAT ARE STROMA? |
Solution that surrounds
the Grana (calvin cycle occurs here) in the Choroplast |
|
WHAT ARE THE
TWO STEPS IN THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROCESS? |
Light Reaction
Calvin Cycle |
|
WHERE DOES LIGHT
REACTION OCCUR? |
In the thylakoids
|
|
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
LIGHT REACTION? |
It makes a building
material for CO2 fixation, H+ and ATP. |
|
WHAT ARE THE KEY
PRODUCTS OF LIGHT REACTION? |
A TP
NADPH |
|
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 1 |
Two groups of pigments
called PS I and PS II work together to absorb radiant energy. |
|
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 2 |
Radiant energy is concentrated
and transferres to special chlorophyll "a" molecules called reaction centers. (Reaction centers are a section in the PS I and PS II.) |
|
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 3 |
Electrons in each reaction center
are eregized and the capured by protein electron transport system (ETS). |
|
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 4 |
Electrons lost from the PS II
are replaced by H2O that is cleared only at PS II's reaction center. H2O....2H+ + 2e - +O |
|
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 5 |
A+ the end from H20 of the
e.t.s. the electrons H+s from H2O are picked up by the coenzyme NadP+ forming NAPH + carried to the stroma to the calvin cycle. |
|
LIGHT REACTION
STEP 6 |
A high [A+] build up
inside the thylakoid. The H+'s diffuse through the thylakoid membrane passing through an enzyme called ATP synthestaz uses the H+ kinetic energy to attach a Phosphate to ADP forming ATP. |
|
LIGHT REACTION
REACTION SUMMARY |
ATP _ NADPH production
H2O cleared to provide electrons +O2 Occurs during daylight. |
|
WHERE DOES THE CALVIN
CYCLE OCCUR? |
In the Stroma
|
|
WHAT DOES THE CALVIN
CYCLE REQUIRE? |
The products from the
light reaction to occur: NADPH & ATP. |
|
CALVIN CYCLE
STEP 1 |
The enzyme Rubisco helps
to combine one molecule of 5C-UBP to one CO2 (C02 Fixation). |
|
CALVIN CYCLE
STEP 2 |
Each PGA reacts with it's
own ATP and NADPH forming two molecules of PGAL (C3H6O3) |
|
CALVIN CYCLE
STEP 3 |
The Calvin Cyle must turn
3 times. Each turn producing 1CO2 to produce 6 PGALS of the 6PGALS made, 5 are required to go back into the cycle to generate move RUBP. |
|
CALVIN CYCLE
SUMMARY |
CALVIN CYCLE SUMMARY:
CO2 Fixation Oxidation/Reduction 1PGAL = 2 turns 2 PGALS + 1 Glucose molecule 1 Glucose Molecule = 6 turns |
|
PHOTORESPIRATION
|
Process where Rubisco
reacts with )2 and RUBP |
|
WHAT RESULTS
FROM PHOTO- RESPIRATION? |
1 molecule of 3C-PGA
and 1 molecule of 2C Glycolate. |
|
WHAT ARE THE 4
FACTORS THAT EFFECT PHOTO- SYNTHESIS? |
Temperature
CO2 Concentration O2 Concentration Light intensity |