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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Golgi apparatus |
finishes, sorts, labels, and ships proteins; uses vesicles |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
completes proteins and makes membranes; two kinds: smooth makes membranes and lipids also detoxification and carbohydrate metab. rough works on proteins and has ribosomes. |
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vesicle |
fuse with cell membrane and can be used to release or transports chemicals. goes along with exocytosis and endocytosis. exo has two others called phagocytosis and pinocytosis. |
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vacuole (plants) |
mainly for storage. they stockpile proteins or inorganic ions. they also deposit metabolic byproducts, store pigments, store defensive compounds, and they are a selective membrane. |
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nucleus |
controls the cell's activities and protects the DNA, which has the instructions for making proteins. contains the nucleolus and chromosomes. |
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nucleolus |
makes ribosomes from RNA |
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ribosomes |
they make protein. they have 2 subunits and can be free or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. free ribosomes are suspended in cytosol and synthesize proteins that work in cytosol. bound ribosomes are attached to the e.r. and synthesize proteins that are used to for export or membrane. |
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lysosomes |
they digest food, clean up the cell, and recycle, also, lysosomes digest dead organelles. can go through apoptosis, basically cell suicide. |
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chromosomes |
structures that are basically the instructions for proteins and such. made up of chromatin. |
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cell membrane |
seperates cell from the outside, it controls what enters and leaves, it also recognizes chemical signals from other cells. it has a double layer of fat called the phospholipid bilayer. |
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cell wall |
unlike the cell membrane, this is more for structure and rigidity to plants. it helps with the overexpansion of water. its found in plants, fungus, algae, and some bacteria. |
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cytoplasm |
it's a jelly-like material that holds organelles in place |
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cytoskeleton |
its a series of proteins that help with shape, support, and movement; has three main structural components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. |
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centrioles |
helps coordinate the cell and helps with cell mitosis |
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mitochondria |
its function is celluar respiration and to generate ATP(stored energy); has 2 membranes: smooth outer membrane and highly folded inner called the cristae |
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chloroplasts |
only found in plants, the chloroplasts are like the mitochondria, but they use sunlight to make their energy. they are plastids that store chlorophyll. |
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endosymbiosis theory |
the theory that at one point both mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living bacteria engulfed by a eukaryote |
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cilia and flagella |
extensions to the cytoskeleton, cillia is numerous and short also its hair-like however flagella is 1/2 of the cell or longer and its whip-like |
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vacuole (animal) |
they are transfer ships that can be used to help with phagocytosis in food vacuoles, they can pump water out of cells, and control turgor pressure |
