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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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Hallucination, delusions and thought disorder
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What are some of the negative symptoms
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Social withdrawal
Flattening of emotional response Anhedonia Disinterest in everyday tasks Congitive deficit |
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Younger patients show more (positive/negative) symptoms, relapsing and remitting
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positive
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Older patients show more (positive/negative) symptoms, chronic and progressive
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negative
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What may be some of the cause of Schizophrenia?
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Genetic
Maternal viral infection Maternal famine Maternal stress Canabis consumption Winter/Spring birth Urbanisation |
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What are the 2 hypothesis for the mechanism of Schizophrenia
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Dopamine turnover hypothesis
NMDA hypofunction hypothesis |
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Concening the dopamine turnover hypothesis, an increase in the mesolimbic pathway would show an increase in (positive/negative) symptoms
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positive
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Concening the dopamine turnover hypothesis, an decrease in the mesolimbic pathway would show an increase in (positive/negative) symptoms
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negative
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What are the 2 phase of a bipolar disorder?
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Mania and depression
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What are the causes of bipolar disorder?
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Genetics
Polygenic with environmental factors 5-HT, DA and Glu transmitter system affected Cell growth pathway affected |
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What are the biological symptoms of depression?
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Retardation of thought and action
loss of libido Sleep, appetite disturbance |
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What is the cause of depression?
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Monoamine theory causes a decrease in function of 5-HT and noradrenaline system
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Tricyclic antidepressant (increase/decrease) mood in depressed patients
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increase
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (increase/decrease) mood in depressed patients
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increase
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Reserpine (increase/decrease) mood in depressed patients
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decrease
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alpha-methyltyrosine (increase/decrease) mood in depressed patients
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decrease
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Electroconvulsive therapy (increase/decrease) mood in depressed patients
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increase
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What occurs when tryptophan and tryptophan depletion is given to depressed patients
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induce relapses in SSRI- treated patients
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What is the action of tricyclic antidepressant
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blocks noradrenaline and 5-HT uptake
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What is the action of monoamine oxidase inhibitor?
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increase stores of noradrenaline and 5-HT
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What is that action of Methyldopa
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Inhibits noradrenaline synthesis
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What is the action of electroconvulsive therapy?
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Increased CNS response to noradrenaline and 5-HT
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What is the action of tryptophan?
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increases 5-HT synthesis
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What is the action of tryptophan depletion
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decreases brain 5-HT synthesis
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__________ and _________ in depressed patients?
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Plasma cortisol and CRH
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Cortisol falls in depression following dexamethasone? true or false
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false
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In depressed patients there is vestibular (enlargement/shrinkage) and hippocampal (enlargement/shrinkage)
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enlargement
shrinkage |
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What occurs to the pre-frontal cortex of depressed patients?
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atrophy
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What are the 3 treatment to depression?
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Monoamine uptake inhibitor
Monoamine receptor antagonist Monoamine oxidase inhibitor |
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What are the 5 anxiety disorder?
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Generalised anxiety disorder
Obessive complusive disorder Panic disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder Social phobia |
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What is the treatment for anxiety?
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Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates SSRI SNRI Buspirone |
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Which system does the anxiety disorder affect?
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GABA/5-HT
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