Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the structure of chromosomes? |
Tightly coiled combination of DNA molecules. |
|
|
Whatis the cell cycle and what occurs during each of its stages?
|
The cell cycle is the entire sequence of events that a cell goes through. Interphase is the period between cell divisions. At this time, the cell grows and carries out it's functions. Cell division includes mitosis and cytokinesis. |
|
|
Explain what mitosis is used for, & in what cells.
|
Mitosis is when one nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei containing the same number and kinds of chromosomes. Mitosis creates two genetically identical cells from one cell. |
|
|
Explainthe 2 divisions of meiosis.
|
Meiosis I is when homologous chromosomes separate into 2 haploid cells, each containing one member of the homologous pair. Meiosis II is when sister chromatids separate, and 4 haploid daughter cells are formed that may develop into gametes. |
|
|
What is meiosis used for and inwhat cells?
|
Meiosis occurs in sex cells and is used to create four unique haploid daughter cells. |
|
|
Compareand contrast mitosis and meiosis.
|
Mitosis is the dividing of one cell into two identical cells. Meiosis is a unique form of mitosis in which one cell divides into four haploid cells. |
|
|
Compareand contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
|
Spermatogenesis produces four sperm cells that are specialized to carry the males genetic information to the egg. Oogenesis produces up to three polar bodies and one ovum packed with nutrients to nourish the early embryo. |
|
|
What are trisomy and monosomy?
|
Trisomy is when there are three representatives of one chromosome. Monosomy is when there is only one representative of a chromosome. *There should be two of each chromosome to match up equally. |
|
|
What most often causes thesechanges in chromosome number?
|
Nondisjunction usually causes these changes in chromosome number. This is when the chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase. |
|
|
What are the syndromes associatedwith changes in sex chromosomes?
|
Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Triple X syndrome and Jacob syndrome. |
|
|
Explain the 4 changes in chromosomestructure.
|
Deletion is the loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation. Duplication is the repition of a part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome. Inversion is a change in a chromosome resulting from reattachment of a chromosome fragment to the original chromosome. Translocation is the attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. |
|
|
Explain the 4 stages of mitosis. |
Prophase is when the chromatin in the nucleus condenses & forms chromosomes. Metaphase is when chromosomes (consisting of two chromatids) line up at equatorial plate. Anaphase is when the attachments between sister chromatids break. Telophase is when new nuclei form, each with 2 complete sets of chromosomes. Cytokinesis divides the cell into two daughter cells. |
