Biology Of Marine Mammals Pt 2

Front 1

Dolphins, whales, and seals use a form of underwater locomotion termed ____________________

Back 1

stroke and glide

Front 2

What are some of the oxygen storage strategies typically used by diving marine mammals?

Back 2

high myoglobin in muscles, high blood hemoglobin concentration, and larger than expected blood volume

Front 3

The most effective strategy for marine mammals to optimize amount of time underwater while foraging is ....

Back 3

make many short dives with short surface intervals

Front 4

Across a huge range of animals, metabolic rate is proportional to .......

Back 4

weight

Front 5

The "tear-drop" shape of many marine mammals tends to reduce which type of drag near ans at the front of the body?

Back 5

frictional

Front 6

What species is not likely to prey on sea otters off Alaska?

Back 6

gray seals

Front 7

Weddell and many other seal pups have a natal fur we call the ...

Back 7

lanugo

Front 8

The amazing sea otter fur coat has about how many hairs per square centimeter?

Back 8

120,000

Front 9

Standard rules for Kleiber Equation calculations include being ....

Back 9

postabsorptive

Front 10

Manatee resting metabolic rate is ________________ than that of other aquatic mammals of similar size.

Back 10

less than

Front 11

On a comparative scale of life history strategies, circle the mammal likely to be "most K selected"

Back 11

Bowhead whale

Front 12

Sea otters consume about what amount of their own weight per day?

Back 12

25%

Front 13

The marine mammal with the presently-known longest lactation period is the ...

Back 13

polar bear

Front 14

Dugongs, at oldest ages, may live as long as about ......

Back 14

70 or a bit more years

Front 15

The longest presently-known age of living record is likely to be of a ...

Back 15

bowhead whales

Front 16

The reproductive strategy of male serial monogamy in seals is most likely to be found on ...

Back 16

loose pack ice

Front 17

The eastern gray whales that tend to stay longest in the mating/calving grounds are...

Back 17

mothers with newly born calves

Front 18

Another term for polygynandry is...

Back 18

promiscuity

Front 19

Another term for promiscuity, perhaps more appropriate for most animal population, is ...

Back 19

polygynandry

Front 20

Eastern gray whales have very long migration between food and mating/calving areas because of the seperation between safe areas for reproduction and high productivity perhaps to "outswim" their predators by changing habitats, and perhaps ..............

Back 20

letting the food supplies to replenish

Front 21

A dolphin's tial accelerates as it moves______________ the axis.

Back 21

towards

Front 22

The idea that dolphins travel faster than theoretical rid=gid-body calculations would indicate is known as ____________ paradox.

Back 22

Gray's

Front 23

A human athelete's sustained speed resulting in about 0.003Hp/LbBodyWeight is remarkably close to the power output I mentioned of trout and of ________

Back 23

a dolphin

Front 24

The Kleiber Line relates Log Metabolic Rate to Log.....

Back 24

Body mass

Front 25

The inter-birth interval of right whales and bowhead whales tends to be ......

Back 25

3-7 years

Front 26

Sea Otters experience __________________________, which suspends embryo development of the blastocyst.

Back 26

delayed implantation

Front 27

Describe underwater locomotion of phocids

Back 27

use hind flippers for propulsion and move in a "carani form" locomotion

Front 28

Describe underwater locomotion of otariids

Back 28

use fore flippers for propulsion, using a "sculling" locomotion

Front 29

Describe underwater locomotion of odobenids

Back 29

USE BOTH THEIR HIND FLIPPERS AND FORE FLIPPERS, SO THEY DO BOTH "SCULLING" AND "CARANGIFORM" LOCOMOTION

Front 30

Describe underwater locomotion of sirenians

Back 30

use flukes for propulsion and they use a dorsal-ventral movement of the flukes to move

Front 31

Describe the underwater locomotion of ursids

Back 31

use all four legs for propulsion, they move in a "dog-paddle" motion

Front 32

Explain why there were misconceptions about seal metabolism due to the way early data were gathered?

Back 32

there were misconceptions in early data gathered because the scientists did not follow common rules to choose the animals. They gathered data from mammals at different stages (sexual maturity, for example).

Front 33

What are the Kleiber Rules?

Back 33

1. adult
2. post-absorption
3. at rest
4. not lactating/pregnant
5. thermoneutral zone

Front 34

Describe polygyny and give a marine mammal example

Back 34

many females, one male ex. sea otter

Front 35

Describe polyandry and give a marine mammal example

Back 35

many males, one female ex.

Front 36

Describe polygamy and give a marine mammal example

Back 36

individuals mate with more than one partner

Front 37

Describe polygynandry and give a marine mammal example

Back 37

multi-mate=promiscuity= many males, many females ex.

Front 38

Describe multi-mate and give a marine mammal example

Back 38

many amles, many females

Front 39

Describe promiscuity and give a marine mammal example

Back 39

many males, many females

Front 40

Describe monogamy and give a marine mammal example

Back 40

one male, one female

unlikely to occur in marine mammals

Front 41

Describe serial monogamy and give a marine mammal example

Back 41

monogamous for a short period of time

Front 42

What did the diphyllobothrium say to the anisakis worm when they met on their way down the duodenum?

Back 42

after you please, I encyst

Front 43

How many cervical vertibrae does a three-toed sloth have?

Back 43

9

Front 44

What are some general mammalian traits

Back 44

aquatic mammals large, greater fat reserves, longer fasts, m's can sequester territories or f's, m's can inseminate many

testosterone is both a sex drive and a drive towards aggressiveness

parent offspring ties strong in f's

Front 45

What are some specific pinniped attributes?

Back 45

offshore marine feeding, terrestrial parturition, female gregariousness

Front 46

The maximum breath-hold capability that is possible without an increase in blood lactic acid is the...

Back 46

aerobic dive limit

Front 47

The pattern of diving by many lactating otariid females, whereby they leave the breeding colony to make foraging trips, is known as....

Back 47

central place foraging

Front 48

A Pacific white-sided dolphin can swim up to speeds of about...

Back 48

28 km/hr

Front 49

Dive adaptions of pinnipeds include

Back 49

breath-holding, bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction

Front 50

Andreas Fahlman mentioned that the classic work on respiratory function in diving mammals and birds was in 1940, and by...

Back 50

Per F. Scholander

Front 51

The surplus in krill due to last century's decimation of great whales in the Antarctic is at least partially taken up by a huge increase in numbers of .....

Back 51

crab-eater seal