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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What chemical elements are present in Carbohydrates?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen
Which chemical elements are present in Fats?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Which chemical elements are presents in Proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. (Some also contain Sulphur)
What is the function of Carbohydrates?
They supply the cell with energy, and release it by oxidising a sugar called glucose.
What are good sources of Carbohydrates?
Bread, baked beans, pasta, cheese, milk...
What is the function of proteins?
They are used for the growth and repair of tissues.
What are good sources of Proteins?
Meat, fish, cheese, egg, beans.
What is the Function of Lipids?
Lipids store energy, as well as helping with heat loss.
What are good sources of Lipids?
Cake, beef, butter, cheese...
What is the function of Vitamin A?
They are used to make a light sensitive chemical in the retina of the eye.
What is the deficiency if you have a lack of Vitamin A?
Night Blindness
Where can you find Vitamin A?
Found in Fish Liver Oils, Liver, Butter...
What is the function of Vitamin C?
It holds the cells together and for healthy teeth, gums and blood vessels; improves iron absorption and resistance to infection.
What is the deficiency of Vitamin C?
Scurvy
Where can you find Vitamin C?
Fresh fruit and vegetables
What is the function of Vitamin D?
For growing bones to take up calcium
What are good sources of Vitamin D?
Fish Liver Oils, and Skin in Sunlight
What is the deficiency of Vitamin D?
Rickets
What is the function of Calcium?
Making the teeth and bones stronger,
What are good sources of Calcium?
Dairy products, fish, vegetables..
What is the function of Iron?
Part of haemoglobin in blood cells, and help carry oxygen.
What are good sources of Iron?
Red meat, eggs, liver...
What is the function of Sodium?
To help maintain normal blood pressure.
What are good sources of Sodium?
Most foods + Common salts?
What is the function of Fibre?
It gives the muscle or gut something to push against as the food is moved through the intestine. It avoids constipation and helps prevent serious diseases.
What are good sources of Fibre?
You can find it in broccoli and other vegetables.
What is the function of water?
We need it to keep our body hydrated so it can continue to function.
How does energy requirements vary for different people?
It depends on their age, profession, gender, and body size.
Define the process 'Ingestion'
Ingestion is taking food into the body through the mouth.
Define the process 'Digestion'
Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food, converting large insoluble molecules, which can be absorbed into the blood.
Define the process Absorption
The movement of soluble food molecules across the membrane lining of the alimentary canal into the blood,
Define the process 'Assimilation'
Assimilation is using food molecules to build new parts of cells in tissues.
Explain the process of peristalsis
The tissue that moves food along the guy is called muscle tissues. There are 2 layers of muscles in the guy, 1 has fibres running in rings which is the circular muscle layer, the other has fibres down the length and is called the longitudinal layer. Food is pushed through the gut as the muscles extract and contract. When the gut narrows the longitudinal muscles relax and the circular muscles contract.
What is the function of the mouth?
Breaks down foods using enzymes, either made in the gut itself or by glands such as the pancreas. Also the food is chewed and broken down (mastication).
Oesophagus
The oesophagus is a muscular tube, 25cm long with a valve at each end. A bolus goes into the oesophagus before being swept in by the stomach.
Stomach
It is a temporary storage organ for large quantities of food. Its an important site for mechanical and chemical breakdown of food which enters it. It then empties a semi fluid mass into the small intestine.
Small Intestine
The longest section of a digestive track. Large quantities of nutrients and water are absorbed almost all with absorption happens hear.
Large Intestine
In the second to last part of the digestive system it absorbs water from the indigestible food matter and then passes useless waste material from the body.
What is the process of 'Egestion'
It is the removal of faeces from the body waste that has passed through the gut without entering cells.
What is the function of the Pancreas?
Completes the job of breaking down protein, carbohydrates, and fats using digestive juices of pancreas combined with juices from the intestines.