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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a karyotype?
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A karyotype is where the chromosomes are cut out from a picture and arranged into their pairs and groups.
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Which chromosomes are shown to one side in a karyotype and what are they called?
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The x and y (sex chromosomes) are shown to one side. This makes it easier to identify the sex of the organism who's cells are being studied.
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What are matching pairs of chromosomes called?
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Homologous pairs. One of each pair comes from mother and one of each from the father.
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What are autosomes?
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Autosome is the name for all of the other chromosomes, these chromosomes do not determine the sex of the organism.
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Females have two X chromosomes, what arrangement of sex chromosomes produces a male?
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One X and one Y.
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How can Y chromosomes be easily identified.
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Part of them is missing, making them considerably smaller than the X chromosome and autosomes.
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Each chromosome has 1000s of ____ that each represents a characteristic of the organism.
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Genes. These code different features of the organism.
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What is the name for the narrowed section of the chromosomes that holds the chromatids together?
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Centromere.
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How many chromatids is a single chromosome made up of and explain what these are.
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A single chromosome is made up of two chromatids, held together by the centromere these identical chromatids are made up of a single DNA molecule each.
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Cells that contain two sets of Chromosomes are called Diploid. Not all cells contain two sets of chromosomes. What is the name for cells that do not and give an example of one of these types of cells.
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Haploid. Gametes.
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Each DNA molecule makes a copy of itself during one of the stages of Mitosis. What is this stage called?
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Interphase.
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Why is the position of the centromere important?
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The position of the centromere is used to identify which chromosomes are which.
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How do we know the function of the genes?
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The genes for particular characteristics are always found at the same fixed points (or locus/loci) on the chromatids.
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When talking about homologous pairs what do we call chromosomes from the male and female parents and how many pairs are there?
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Maternal (female) chromosomes and Paternal (male) chromosomes. There are 23 pairs (23 from each parent).
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What are alleles?
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Alleles are where a gene that controls a characteristic exists in different forms.
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How can faulty alleles pass down genetic conditions and diseases?
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If one if the genes is faulty but the other is not then the person is merely a carrier of the disease or condition, some diseases can be developed from just one faulty gene. If both parents are carriers but do not have the condition, these two faulty genes result in the offspring having the condition.
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