Fundamental Concepts Of Biology ( Card Set 2 )

Front 1

Acid

Back 1

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Front 2

Amino acid

Back 2

Monomer sub unit of a protein. Contains and amino a carboxyl and a unique side group

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Front 4

Base

Back 4

A substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Front 5

Carbohydrate

Back 5

Energy rich molecules that is the major source Of be energy for the cell.

Front 6

Cell

Back 6

Basic unit of life an organism's fundamental building block units.

Front 7

Cell wall

Back 7

Tough but elastic structure surrounding plant and bacterial cell membrane.

Front 8

Chloroplast

Back 8

And organelle found in plant cells that absorbs sunlight and uses the energy derived to produce sugars.

Front 9

Compound

Back 9

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

Front 10

Convalent Bond

Back 10

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons.

Front 11

Cytoplasm

Back 11

The entire contents of the cell ( except the nucleus ) surrounded by the plasma membrane.

Front 12

Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA )

Back 12

Molecule of heredity that stores the information required call making all of the proteins required by the cell.

Front 13

Electron

Back 13

A negatively charged subatomic particle.

Front 14

Element

Back 14

A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.

Front 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER )

Back 15

A network of membranes in eukaryotic cells.

Front 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER )

Back 16

A network of membranes in eukaryotic cells. When rough, or studded with ribosomes, or smooth , it functions in phospholipid and steroid synthesis and detoxification.

Front 17

Hydrophobic

Back 17

Water hating molecule.

Front 18

Ionic bond

Back 18

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction of oppositely charged ions.

Front 19

Lipids

Back 19

Hydrophobic molecules including fats phospholipids and steroids.

Front 20

Lysosome

Back 20

A membrane - bounded sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of many cells.

Front 21

Macromolecules

Back 21

Large molecules including Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids composed of subunits joined by dehydration synthesis.

Front 22

Metabolism

Back 22

All chemical reactions occurring in the body.

Front 23

Mitochondria

Back 23

Organelles in which products of the digestive system are converted to ATP.

Front 24

Molecule

Back 24

Two or more atoms held together by convalent bonds.

Front 25

Nonpolar

Back 25

Water hating.

Front 26

Nucleic acids

Back 26

Polymers of nucleotides that comprise DNA and RNA.

Front 27

Enzyme

Back 27

Protein the catalyzes and regulates the rate of metabolic reactions.

Front 28

Nucleotides

Back 28

Building blocks of nucleic acids that include a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.

Front 29

Eukaryotes

Back 29

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane- bounded organelles.

Front 30

Fat

Back 30

Hydro phonic molecule composed of a three carbon glycerol skeleton bonded to three fatty acids. Energy source that contains more calories than an equal weight of carbohydrates or proteins.

Front 31

Fatty acids

Back 31

A long acidic chain of hydrocarbons bonded to glycerol. Fatty acids vary on the basis of their length and on the number and placement of double bonds

Front 32

Golgi Apparatus

Back 32

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of a flattened membranous sacs The modified as sort proteins and other substances.

Front 33

Homeostasis

Back 33

The steady-state condition an organism works to maintain.

Front 34

Hydroph

Back 34

A molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogens.

Front 35

Hydrogen bond

Back 35

A type of weak chemical bond. In DNA this type of bond forms between nitrogens bases across the width of the helix.

Front 36

Hydrophilic

Back 36

Water loving molecule.

Front 37

Nucleus

Back 37

Cell structure that houses DNA; found in eukaryotes.

Front 38

Organelle

Back 38

Sub cellular structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that performs a specific job.

Front 39

Peptide bond

Back 39

Chemical bond that joins adjacent amino acids.

Front 40

pH

Back 40

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration ranging from 0 - 14 with the lower numbers equaling higher hydrogen ion concentrations.

7 is Neutral

Front 41

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 41

The membrane that surrounds cells and organelles and is composed of phospholipids ( along with proteins and sometimes cholesterol ) .

Front 42

Phospholipid

Back 42

Molecules that make up the plasma membrane, with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Front 43

Plasma membrane

Back 43

Structure that encloses a cell, defining the cells outer boundary.

Front 44

Polar

Back 44

Water loving.

Front 45

Polysaccharide

Back 45

Complex carbohydrate.

Front 46

Active transport

Back 46

The movement of a substance that requires an input of energy.

Front 47

Defusion versus osmosis( what moves?)

Back 47

Molecules.

Front 48

Selective permeability

Back 48

Some substances can cross the membrane others are excluded and still others can pass through the membrane when they are aided by transport proteins.

Front 49

Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes

Back 49

All living organisms can be sorted into one of two groups. Mycoides and all other bacteria are prokaryotes, but virtually all the organisms you see every day, including all plants and animals are eukaryotes.

Front 50

Cytoskeleton

Back 50

A network of protein cylinders and filaments.

Front 51

Diffusion

Back 51

Passive and random movement of the molecules from an area of its own higher concentration to an area of its own lower concentration.

Front 52

Model Theory

Back 52

Front 53

Dissecting Microscope

Back 53

Object - Solid or Flat

"View" - Stereo ➡️ " 3D"

Magnify - Low - Medium

10x ➡️ 30x

Light - Above/or Below

Moves lens UP and DOWN

Front 54

Compound Microscope

Back 54

Object - Flat

View - 1 View

No Stereo

"2 D"

Magnify - 40x ➡️ 400x

Light - From below transmitted

Moves object UP and DOWN

Red Ring - Low

Yellow Ring - Medium

Front 55

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 55

This cell is larger and more complex than then prokaryotes. This cell is 10 times wider with a cell volume of a thousand times greater. ( A Membrane - enclosed NUCLEUS )

Front 56

Prokaryotes

Back 56

This cell lacks a ( NUCLEUS ) or membrane - bounded organelles.

Front 57

Carbon Dioxide + water

Back 57

6CO2 + 6H2O

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

photosynthesis

Front 58

Glucose Oxygen

Back 58

C6H12O6+6O2

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

Respiration

Front 59

Calvin Cycle or light independent reactions.

Back 59

A is a series of enzymes driven reactions in which each ions and energy rich molecules from the light reaction help convert carbon dioxide into sugars.