Biology Test 1 (Unit 1&2)

Front 1

Homeostasis

Back 1

The steady state resulting from conditions inside every cell remaining nearly constant.

Front 2

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 2

State of balanced within environment as the result of internal control mechanisms that oppose outside forces that tend to change that environment.

Front 3

Respiratory System (responsibility)

Back 3

Responsible for gas exchange with the external environment, helps regulate PH balance by removing CO².

Front 4

The blood vessels are organized into 3 primary cycles:

Back 4

The Cardiac circulatory system,

The pulmonary circulation system and the systemic circulatory system.

Front 5

The Cardiac circulatory system

Back 5

The route taken by blood within the heart

Front 6

The pulmonary circulatory system

Back 6

Pathway of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

Front 7

The systemic circulatory system

Back 7

Route from the heart to the rest of the body.

Front 8

The 3 main types of blood vessels:

Back 8

Capillaries, arteries and veins

Front 9

Capillaries

Back 9

Small, think blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins.

Front 10

Arteries (description and function)

Back 10

Made up of elastic walls that allow expansion as a wave of blood passes through it and snaps back again, this movement keeps the blood flowing in the right direction. Function is to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Front 11

Veins (description and function)

Back 11

Cannot contract behind the blood to keep it moving forward, but equipped with one way valves. Function is to carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.

Front 12

4 main components of blood

Back 12

Blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Front 13

Blood plasma (description and function)

Back 13

Fluid portion of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended. Contains substances that play an important role in maintaining the body's well being.

Front 14

Red blood cells (function)

Back 14

Specialized to carry oxygen and CO² to and from the cells.

Front 15

White blood cells (function)

Back 15

Play a role in the body's immune system, engulfing foreign bacteria. Which enables the body to recognize and fend off specific pathogens.

Front 16

Platelets (function)

Back 16

Play an important role in clotting of the blood and therefore protect the body from excessive blood loss after injury.

Front 17

The pathway of blood through the heart.

Back 17

Collected in vein called superior vena cava, which flows right into the right atrium. When the atria contracts, the right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle. When the ventricles contract, the right ventricle then pumps blood from the heart out to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein, which are blood vessels that enter the left atrium. When the atria contracts again, the left atrium pumps the blood out into the left ventricle. When the ventricle contracts, the left ventricle pumps blood out through the aorta to the systemic circulatory system.

Front 18

The lymphatic circulatory system

Back 18

A network of glands that extend through out the body.

Front 19

Lymph

Back 19

The fluid in the glands from the lymphatic system. A colourless or pale yellow.

Front 20

Lymphatic circulatory system (function)

Back 20

Guarding the body against infection. Also plays an important role in maintaining the right water balance in the interstitial fluid of the body.

Front 21

Lymphocytes

Back 21

Important group of cells in body's defense against infection.

Front 22

The lymph notes also contain macrophagens (function)

Back 22

Which serve to trap and destroy bacteria circulating within the body.