Biology- Non Specific Immune Response

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Duties of Non specific

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Secure the border/keep in tact, and fill the breach inactivation

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T/F
this system is antigen specific

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False

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Name all of the defenses

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Physical Barriers, Phagocytes, Extracellular Killing, Inflammatory, Fever, Interferons, Complement

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Epithelium

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outer lining, skin

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Interstitial tissues are usually

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free of any microbes, steril

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Macrophages and Dendritic cells perform

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Phagocytosis, digestion, antigen presentation and secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines

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Neurtrophils

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Phogocytosis and digestion but do not present antigens, they can harm tissues if excessive, pyogenic infection

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Pyogenic Infection

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Puss producing

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Too much cytokine response can result in

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Shock

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Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR)

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Do not recognize antigens, they recognize things on microbes that never change i.e. peptidoglycan

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Toll Like Receptors TLR

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Type of PRR. they are surface receptor proteins that bind PAMPs

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PAMPs

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The things on the microbe that PRR and TLRs bind to. i.e. flagella

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Natural Killer cells NK

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Not antigen specific, recognize abnormal cells. are not phagocytic. virus infected cells, cancer, worms

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Eosinophils

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Not antigen specific,
are weakly phagocytic. Large destruction like worms

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Local response to bacteria in cut

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Histamines are released from the cytosol of surrounding cells

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Fever

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Systemic increase in body temp

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Exogenous

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Causes fever. From endotoxins of gram neg cells from outside the body. LPS

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Endogenous

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Causes fever. From own body IL1

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Interferon types

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Alpha Beta--> Induce AVPs
Gamma--> activates Macrophages

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Complement

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Opsonization (phagocytosis)
Promotes inflammation
Destroys microbes

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Where is complement produced?

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In the liver

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How does Complement work?

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Drifts around in blood waiting to be activated. they coat the microbes. Bind antigen

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Defensins

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respiratory tract, antibacterial
Bind antigen

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What is the job of the interferon?

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To be secreted from infected cell to tell neigboring cells to watch out. Interferon doesnt harm anything

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Classic Complement path

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antigen-antibody complexes. leads to inflammation

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Lectin Complement Path

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Microbial surface. leads to Opsonization

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Alternate Complement Path

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Non specific activators leads to membrane attack

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Which paths of complement are preffered?

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Lecting and Alternatice because they dont involve an antibody

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PRR on surface

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Toll Like Receptors TLRs

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PRR in blood

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Complement

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When can the specificity of TLRs change or adapt?

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NEVER

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TLRs recognize PAMPS that are

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constantly present on threats,
not subject to mutation
highly specific
not normally found in TLR host

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TLR2

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Gram pos, Lipoteichoic acid

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TLR3

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Ds RNA

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TLR4

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Lipopolysaccharide

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Whe TLR binds...

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Intracellular signaling happens via cytokine production

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Inappropriate TLR stimulation leads to

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Shock

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Inappropriate response to toxins

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Toxic Shock

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Inappropriate response to microbes

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Septic Shock

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Complement can bind directly though what pathway?

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Alternate

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Sepsis

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Results from excess immune response due to severe infection

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Signs and symptoms of septic shock

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Tachy, fever, low bp, multipul organ faliur