Biology Nigga Test 3

Front 1

o Circular strands of DNA

Back 1

prokaryotes

Front 2

o Replicate the DNA & pass it on to the “daughter” cells

Back 2

prokaryotes

Front 3

o Reproduction
o Growth
o Repair
o Produce “daughter” cells that have identical genetic complements
o Occurs in somatic cells

Back 3

mitosis

Front 4

o All body cells except cells which give rise to gametes (eggs & sperm)

Back 4

somatic cells

Front 5

o A complex of a linear strand of DNA & protein
o Each eukaryotic species has a characteristic number
o Found in the nucleus

Back 5

chromosomes

Front 6

o The long linear strand of DNA & complexed proteins

Back 6

chromatin

Front 7

o Consists of two sister chromatids
o Identical copies of DNA
o Attached at a specialized region called the centromere

Back 7

duplicated chomosome

Front 8

 How many centromeres per chromosome?

Back 8

1

Front 9

 How many centromeres per chromosome consisting of 2 sister chromatids?

Back 9

1

Front 10

o Generally 90% of the cell cycle
o Gap 1 (G1 Phase)
o S Phase (DNA is synthesized/replicated)
o Gap 2(G2)
o Gap 1
 Synthesis of cell components
 Increase in number of organelles
o S Phase
 Synthesis (replication) of DNA
 Doubling of the genetic material
o Gap 2
 Centrioles replicate in animal cells
 Structure for cytokinesis put in place

Back 10

interphase

Front 11

 Synthesis of cell components
 Increase in number of organelles

Back 11

gap 1

Front 12

 Synthesis (replication) of DNA
 Doubling of the genetic material

Back 12

S phrase

Front 13

 Centrioles replicate in animal cells
 Structure for cytokinesis put in place

Back 13

gap 2

Front 14

 What does a centriole resemble?

Back 14

the base of a flagellum

Front 15

o In animals
o 9 sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring
o Found in the centrosome
 A region which microtubules grow out
o Help organize microtubule growth, but these are not necessary
 Most plants lack these

Back 15

centioles

Front 16

T/F  The purpose of mitosis is to insure that daughter cells have the identical genetic complement of the mother cell.

Back 16

True

Front 17

DNA is replicates in ?

Back 17

S phase

Front 18

mitosis steps

Back 18

o Prophase
o Prometaphase
o Metaphase
o Anaphase
o Telophase

Front 19

o Nucleoli disappear
o Chromatin condenses
o Mitotic spindle forms from microtubules in cytoplasm
o Centrosomes move away from each other

Back 19

prophase

Front 20

o Nuclear envelope fragments
o Microtubules of spindle invade the nuclear region & interact with the chromosomes via the kinetochore (located on the centromere)

Back 20

prometaphase

Front 21

o Structure of proteins & specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere
o Point of attachment for microtubules of the spindle

Back 21

kinetochore

Front 22

o Formed from microtubules extending from the two centrosomes
o As centrosomes move away from each other the microtubules lengthen

Back 22

mitotic spindles

Front 23

o Centrosomes at opposite poles
o Chromosomes arranged at the midplane of the spindle

Back 23

metaphase

Front 24

o Sister chromatids separate & move toward the poles

Back 24

Anaphase

Front 25

o Nuclear envelope reforms
o Spindle breaks down
o Nucleoli reform
o Chromatids become less densely coiled
 Figure 12.6b

Back 25

Telophase

Front 26

o Division of cytoplasm
o Mechanism differs between plant & animal cells because plants have a cell wall

Back 26

Cytokinesis

Front 27

 Sister chromatids separate in >?

Back 27

Anaphase

Front 28

 If the DNA content in G2 is X, what is the DNA content of each daughter cell at telophase?

Back 28

.5X

Front 29

T/F The purpose of mitosis is to insure that daughter cells have the identical components of their parent cell.

Back 29

True

Front 30

 How many centromeres per chromosome?

Back 30

1

Front 31

DNA is replicated in?

Back 31

S phase

Front 32

 Sister chromatids separate during?

Back 32

Anaphase (ann frank)

Front 33

o A _____ ____ (2n) has two of each of the basic set

Back 33

diploid cell

Front 34

XX=
XY=

Back 34

Female
Male (kyle XY)

Front 35

in a dividing cell, the miotic (M) phase alternates with interphase, a growth period.

Back 35

cell cycle

Front 36

Humans have _ chromosomes, _ of them are autosomal.

Back 36

46,44

Front 37

_______separates homologous chromosomes

______ separates sister chromatids

Back 37

meiosis 1, Meoisis 2

Front 38

Stages of Meosis?

Back 38

o Prophase I
o Metaphase I
o Anaphase I
o Telophase I
o Prophase II
o Metaphase II
o Anaphase II
o Telophase II

Front 39

 At G2 there are 40 chromatids. What is the diploid (2n) chromosome number?

Back 39

20

Front 40

 At G2 there are 40 chromatids. At telophase II each daughter cell has ___ chromosomes

Back 40

10

Front 41

 At G2 there are 40 centromeres. At telophase II each daughter cell has ___ chromosomes.

Back 41

20

Front 42

WHY did mendel succeed?

Back 42

o He chose the right organism to work with, the edible pea plant The plant usually self pollinates
• Figure 14.2
o He was quantitative in his observations
o He had a little help from his friend

Front 43

o Alternative form of a gene

Back 43

Allele

Front 44

 Why don’t we talk about Gossian genetics?

Back 44

Goss was not quantitave

Front 45

o Having 2 identical alleles for a trait

Back 45

Homozygous

Front 46

o Having two different genes (alleles) for a trait

Back 46

heterozygous

Front 47

o The genetic make up of an individual

Back 47

genotype

Front 48

o The physical manifestation of a trait
 How it appears
o Determined by the genotype

Back 48

phenotype

Front 49

 How many different alleles can a diploid individual have a single gene locus if there are 4 alleles in the population

Back 49

2

Front 50

o The two members of a gene pair segregate (separate) from each other into the gametes
o Each gamete carries one member of the gene pair

Back 50

mendels 1st law

Front 51

 When does Mendelian segregation occur?

Back 51

Anaphase 1

Front 52

o Heterozygous individuals express traits of both alleles

Back 52

Codominance

Front 53

how many genes are located in human the genome

Back 53

tens of thousands

Front 54

results in having half the chromosoomes of the parents

Back 54

meiosis

Front 55

synapsis occurs in ____ but not ____

Back 55

meiosis/mitosis

Front 56

when we say an organism is haploid we mean

Back 56

its cells have a single set of chromosomes