Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Epidermis |
It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions, it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and mineral nutrients.
|
|
|
Stoma |
The word stomata means mouth in Greek because they allow communication between the internal and external environments of theplant. Their main function is to allow gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen to move rapidly into and out of the leaf The word stomata means mouth in Greek because they allow communication between the internal and external environments of theplant. Their main function is to allow gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen to move rapidly into and out of the leaf |
|
|
Petal |
Petals have various functions and purposes depending on the type of plant. In general,petals operate to protect some parts of the flower and attract/repel specific pollinators.
|
|
|
Stigma |
sticky part on top of style to attract the pollen |
|
|
Style |
The style of a flower is the stalk that supports the stigma and connects it to the ovary. One major function of the style is to assist with fertilization by being the location where pollen tubes travel to deliver sperm cells to the egg.
|
|
|
Ovary |
bottom of style, where the seed makin' happens |
|
|
Pistil |
Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed.
THE FEMALE PART |
|
|
Anther |
This oval-shaped structure is called the anther. It is crucial in the reproduction of flowering plants, as it produces the male gametophyte, known as pollen
|
|
|
Filament |
The filament is a stalk-like structure that attaches to the base of the flower and supports the anther, which is the structure that produces pollen.
|
|
|
Sepal |
A sepal (/ˈsɛpᵊl/ or /ˈsiːpᵊl/) is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green,sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom
|
|
|
Leaves |
sight of photosythesissssss |
|
|
Shoot |
The part of the plant above ground |
|
|
Vascular tissue |
Vascular tissue is a complex conductingtissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. |
|
|
Root (hairs) |
absorbs water and nutrients and delivers to da leaves |
|
|
Bigger roots |
Stores water and nutrients and helps keep the plant stable |
|
|
Transpiration |
What is transpiration? In actively growing plants, water is continuously evaporating from the surface of leaf cells exposed to air. This water is replaced by additional absorption of water from the soil. Liquid water extends through the plant from the soil water to the leaf surface where it is converted from a liquid into a gas through the process of evaporation.
|
|
|
NADPH |
NADP+ is the electron acceptor that captures high-energy electrons at the end of Photosystem 1 forming NADPH. NADPH is a high-energy electron donor which is used in the Calvin-Benson cycle to reduce Phosphoglycerate producing Phosphoglyceraldehyde. These Aldehydes are used to create Glucose.
|
|
|
Receptacle |
In botany , the receptacle or torus (an older term is thalamus, as in Thalamiflorae) is the thickened part of a stem from which the flower organs grow. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the frui |
|
|
Corolla |
All the petals (petal system) |
|
|
Thylakoids |
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. |
|
|
Stroma |
Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. Within the stroma are grana, stacks of thylakoids, the sub-organelles, the daughter cells, where photosynthesis is commenced before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma. |
|
|
Grana |
Stacks of thylakoid disks |
|
|
Calvin cycle |
Calvin cycle (also known as the Calvin–Benson cycle) is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. |
|
|
Photosystem 1 |
1). Photons energize the antenna assembly. 2). High energy electrons pass from the reaction-center (P700). chlorophyll to the primary electron acceptor. 3). 2 electrons pass through the short electron transport chain. 4). 2 electrons are temporarily stored as high-energy electrons in NADPH. 5). P700 missing 2 electrons that must be replaced. |
|
|
Photosystem 2 |
1). Absorbed light energy forces the transfer of 2 electrons from the reaction center (P680). 2). Electrons transferred to the primary electron acceptor. 3). Electrons move through the electron transport chain. 4). As electrons move through the transport chain they lose energy which is used to make ATP's by chemiosmosis. 5). The electrons are transferred to the P700 reaction center to replace the 2 missing electrons. 6). P680 develops a strong attraction for electrons. a). A water molecule is oxidized (split) to replace the 2 electrons missing from P680. b). 2 hydrogen ions and an oxygen atom are left behind. c). The oxygen atom combines with a second oxygen atom from another water molecule and oxygen is released into the atmosphere via the stomata. 7). The end of the light reaction. |
|
|
Monocot |
They have at least three of the following: Flower parts are in 3's or multiples of 3; Leaves are parallel-veined; Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the cross section of the stem; Seeds possess one seed leaf (cotyledon). Secondary growth from a vascular cambium is absent and Pollen grains have one opening. |
|
|
Dicots |
edons. Net - Veined leaves Primary Vascular bundles in a ring Pollen mostly tricolpate Root System Primary and Adventitious 50% species are Woody. |
|
|
Xylem |
Main function – upwards water transport[edit] The xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. It is also used to replace water lost during transpiration and photosynthesis. |
|
|
Phloem |
the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves. |
|
|
Meristem |
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. |
|
|
Meristem |
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. |
|
|
Apical meristem |
apical meristem. A meristem at the tip of a plant shoot or root that produces auxin and causes the shoot or root to increase in length. Growth that originates in the apical meristem is called primary growth. |
|
|
Meristem |
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. |
|
|
Apical meristem |
apical meristem. A meristem at the tip of a plant shoot or root that produces auxin and causes the shoot or root to increase in length. Growth that originates in the apical meristem is called primary growth. |
|
|
Lateral meristem |
There are two types of secondary meristems, these are also called the lateral meristems because they surround the established stem of a plant and cause it to grow laterally (i.e., larger in diameter). Vascular cambium, which produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem. |
|
|
Spring wood |
The big light rings in the tree that promote rapid growth |
|
|
Summer wood |
The dark little ring the promotes little growth |
|
|
Perianth |
The perianth (sometimes called perigonium or perigon) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals). |
|
|
Micropyle |
a small opening in the surface of an ovule, through which the pollen tube penetrates, often visible as a small pore in the ripe seed. |
|
|
Endosperm |
The tissue inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. |
|
|
Integuments |
The tough outside layer of a seed |
