Biology Midterms

Front 1

An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world

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science

Front 2

The act of noticing and describing events

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observation

Front 3

A logical interpretation based on what scientists already know

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inference

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Is a scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested

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Hypothesis

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Variables kept unchanged or controlled

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controlled experiment

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The variable deliberately changed

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independent variable

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Responding variable, the one the scientist measures

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dependent variable

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Exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for an independent variable

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control group

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Detailed records of experimental observations

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data

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May support several related hypotheses

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theory

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Point of view that is personal and unscientific

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bias

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The study of life

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biology

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The genetic code written in a cell

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DNA

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A sign to which an organism responds

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stimulus

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Uniting of two cells each from a parent to form a new cell

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sexual reproduction

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A single organism produces offspring alone and identical to itself

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asexual reproduction

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External conditions change radically, internal conditions are kept stable at all costs

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homeostasis

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Combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down compounds

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metabolism

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Means "living planet", all life forms are connected in it

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biosphere

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Basic unit of matter

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atom

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Protons and neutrons are bonded together by strong forces to form this

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nucleus

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Negatively charged particle

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electron

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Pure substance with only one type of atom

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element

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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of nuetrons

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isotopes

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Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements

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compound

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Formed when one or more electrons are transferred between atoms

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ionic bond

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Positive and negatively charged atoms

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ions

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Is formed so that electrons can travel around the nuclei of more than one atom

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covalent bond

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The smallest unit of most compound

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molecule

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Intermolecular forces of attraction

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Van der Waals forces

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The bond and attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative other atom

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hydrogen bond

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Attraction between molecules of the same element/substance

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cohesion

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Material composed by two or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically

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mixture

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A liquid mixture in which the solute is distributed evenly throughout the solvent

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solution

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The substance dissolved in a solution

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solute

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The substance in which the solute dissolves

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solvent

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Mixture of non-dissolved material and another element

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suspension

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Measurement system designed by chemists to document the amount of hydrogen ions, determines the acidity or the alkalinity of a compound

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pH scale

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Compound that produces OH- ions in solution

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base

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Weak acid or base that can react to prevent dramatic reactions

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buffer

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Smaller units that make up a polymer

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monomer

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Made up of monomers

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polymer

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Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a 1:2:1 ratio

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carbohydrate

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Single sugar molecules

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monosaccahrides

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Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms, used to store energy, as insulation, as steroids

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lipids

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Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous; used for energy and for hereditary purposes

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nucleic acids

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Basics unit of a DNA molecule, composed of sugar, a phosphate, and one of the 4 DNA bases

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nucleotide

Front 48

Macromolecules containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, used in hormones, enzymes, and muscles

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protein

Front 49

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other, a monomer that makes up a protein polymer

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amino acid

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Process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another

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chemical reaction

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Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

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reactants

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Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

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products

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Energy needed to get a reaction

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activation energy

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Substance that speeds the rate of chemical reaction up

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catalyst

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Proteins that act as biological catalysts

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enzymes

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The reactants or enzyme-catalyzed reactions

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substrates

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What are the goals of science?

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-provide natural explanations for events in the natural world

-use those explanations to understand patterns in nature and to make useful predictions about natural events

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What procedures are at the core of scientific methodology?

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-observing/asking questions

-forming hypotheses

-conducting controlled experiments

-collecting/analyzing data

-drawing conclusions

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What scientific attitudes help generate new ideas?

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curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity