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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is evolution?
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The change of allele frequencies in a population of organisms over time and is the foundational principle of modern biology.Or change over time.
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What factor must NOT be present for possible fossilization?
a) Live somewhere where sediments are deposited b) Had hard parts that decay slowly c) Metamorphism of rock d) Present in great numbers |
Metamorphism of rock
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_______ evolution is the change to a population
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Micro |
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_____evolution is the change to an ecosystem. |
Macro |
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How are vestigial traits useful to the theory of evolution
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Vestigial traits are those that no longer serve their former function. They provide proof of common ancestors because evolution doesnt design, it takes the easiest route. a trait that is not useful will not be selected for or against, but also will not suddenly disappear. Snakes have a vestigial leg bones despite not actually having legs |
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What did Darwin's theory provide?
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His theory provided a explanation for all the organisms represented in fossil evidence. Fossil evidence showed that complex organisms evolved from simpler forms.
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_________'s work remained obscure for many years until it was rediscovered and used to reinforce the Darwinian view of evolution.
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Mendel
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The evolution of antibiotic resistance is an example of:
A. Natural selection B. Adaption C. Genetic mutation D. Selective pressure |
A |
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Explain the process of radiocarbon dating
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Nitrogren-14 in the atomosphere is transformed into radioactive carbon-14 by the addidtion of neutrons through cosmic radiation. The radioactive carbon-14, stable carbon-12, and carbon-13 combine with free oxygen to form carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide enters the foodweb through photosynthesis performed by plants. After the death of an organism, radioactive carbon-14 decays at a known half-life back into nitrogen-14. The ratio of radioactive C isotope relative to the stable C isotopes is used to estimate the age of an organism.
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What are five examples of an Anatomical Homology?
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Anatomical homologies have very different functions such as
1. Walking or running 2.Climbing 3. Digging 4. Swimming 5. Flying |
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On the Molecular Genetic level, what is one common function that all organisms share?
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One common function is making proteins. Ribosomes, the cellular structures that build proteins, are very similar from bacteria to humans. Because they perform the same critical task in any cell, they have changed very little in billions of years of life on Earth.
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What was the title of Charles Darwin's book, and what year did it come out?
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On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection; 1859
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Why was/is the theory of evolution considered a controversial topic?
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Because popular belief was that each species were created independently and that the earth was only a couple thousand years old whereas evolution states that species change over time and that it requires more than a couple thousand years to occur. Today people state that it is just a theory and that other alternative views should be taught in the classroom.
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The text describes the evolution of tolerance to heavy metals in some plants due to mining activities, the stark shift in beak and body size of Galapagos finches on Daphne Major in the generation following a drought that affected plants' ability to produce seeds, and the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus due to overuse of antibiotics. These examples were all directly observed and provide evidence _________ .
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for evolution by natural selection over short time periods
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Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary. Explain the significance of the hypothesis that natural selection is a core evolutionary process.
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Darwin provided a testable and observable framework for his position. Furthermore, by positioning natural selection as a core evolutionary process Darwin provided the foundation to explain not only the unity of life through observation of common structures and molecular processes in organisms, but also the diversity of life through the observation that different environments create differing selective pressures.
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Describe the nature of the study that the Grants were conducting on finches.
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they studied how the finches beak size changed over time. They discovered that during a period of drought, their beak size increased dramatically. This was due to the size of their food increasing. Those with smaller beaks died off, and the trait for a larger beak was passed on because it was more advantageous.
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Approximately how old do scientists believe the earth is?
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4.6 billion
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