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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are phospholipid heads in the fluid mosaic model? |
- hydrophillic - face inside and outside the cell and where there is water |
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What are the phospholipid tails in the fluid mosaic model? |
-hydrophobic - face each other on the inside of the bilayer |
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What are peripheral proteins in the plasma membrane? |
- attached to membrane indirectly by interaction with integral proteins - held in place by cytoskeleton filaments |
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What are integral proteins in the plasma membrane? |
- protein that is embedded in the protein bilayer |
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What are the function of channel proteins? |
- form channel to allow molecules to pass through the membrane |
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What is the function of the plasma membrane? |
- separates the internal and external environments of the cell -its is also a phospholipid bilayer where protein molecules are either partially or wholly embedded |
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How do you differentiate an animal cell and a plant cell through a microscope? |
- animal cell is usually died red and doesn't really have a distinct shape - plant cell is usually dyed green or purple, has thicks walls, and a distinct rectangular shape |
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How do different salt solutions effect the red onion cells? |
When cell is placed into a hypertonic solution (high solute concentration), water will leave the cell causing the vacuoles to shrink. When When cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (low solute concentration) water will enter the cell causing the vacuoles to enlarge. |
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What will happen to a cell when it is placed in a saline solution? |
Saline solution (higher concentration), since cell has lower concentration of solute, the solute in the saline solution will enter the cell,causing the water in the cell to leave . cell= hypotonic solution = hypertonic |
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What will happen to a cell when it is placed in a distilled solution? |
distilled solution (low concentration), since cell has high concentration of solute, the water will enter the cell cell= hypertonic solution = hypotonic |
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What does the red onion lab demonstrate? |
- osmosis- movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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Explain what happened in the starch and iodine dialysis tube demo. |
The molecules of iodine were able to move into the plastic and mix with the starch, making the string turn black |
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Explain how the iodine moves across the tube "membrane" and the starch stays in which ever side it was initially on. ( Starch and Iodine Dialysis tube demo) |
The molecules of the iodine were able to move into the plastic and mix with the starchs because the iodine molecule size were the right size to pass through the plastic, while the starch molecules were too big. |
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What does the Starch and Iodine Diaylsis tube demo represent ? Why does this happen in the cell? |
Represents how the semi permeable membrane in a cell works. In a cell some molecules that are too big and ions/ charged molecules are unable to diffuse through the membrane. |
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How does iodine work with starch? How do you determine a positive or negative result? (amylase lab) |
- iodine is used to test the presence for starch - when there is a positive result (presence of starch), the iodine solution will turn a dark purple- black - when there is a negative result (no starch) the iodine solution will turn a light yellow- brown color |
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How does the saliva react with starch at a warm and cold temperature? Why does it react like this? (amylase lab) |
- warm temperature- the warm saliva started to lighten up the substance fairly quickly - cold temperature- the cold saliva started to lighten up the substance at a slow rate - when the enzymes are warm, they absorb energy given off by the heat causing them to speed up reaction - when enzymes are cold, they slow down |
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Why does the saliva make the substance lighter? (amylase lab) |
- because the amylase enzymes in the salvia break down the starchs to sugar |
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What causes the reaction with starch in saliva? (amylase lab) |
- salivary amylase enzymes are responsible for breaking down the starch to sugar |
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What does the Benedict solution test for?What colour is the solution? What identifies a positive or negative reaction? (nutrient lab) |
- tests for presence of reducing sugars (simple sugars; glucose) - solution is clear blue of sodium and copper salts - positive = solution will turn green, yellow or orange/red colour - negative = solution will turn light blue colour |
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What does the Biuret's solution test for? What is the colour of the solution? What identifies a positive or negative reaction? (nutrient lab) |
- tests for presence of proteins - blue solution -positive= solution will change to a royal blue/purple colour - negative= change solution to aqua blue colour |
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What does the Lugol's iodine solution test for ? What is the colour of the solution? What identifies a positive or negative reaction? (nutrient lab) |
- tests for presence of starch (carbohydrates) - yellow/brown colour -positive= turn solution to a purple, violet or blueblack colour - negative= turn solution to a light yellow brown colour |
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What is the superior and inferior anatomical orientation of specimens? |
above and below (humans only) |
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What is the anterior and posterior anatomical orientation of specimens? |
Anterior= towards the head Posterior= towards the tail (or rear) |
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What is the medial and lateral anatomical orientation of specimens? |
medial= towards the midline of the body lateral = away from the midline of the body |
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What is the proximal and distal anatomical orientation of specimens? |
proximal= closer to the origin of a limb distal = closer to the end of the limb |
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What is the ventral and dorsal anatomical orientation of specimens? |
ventral= toward the belly dorsal= toward the back |
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What is the function of the incisor teeth of a rat? |
Cut and slice the food in the mouth |
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What is the function the esophagus? Where is it located? What system is this a part of ? |
- runs through the diaphragm - moves food from the mouth to the stomach - digestive system |
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What is the function of the stomach? Where is it located? What system is this a part of? |
- food storage, physical breakdown of food and digestion of protein - located on right side underneath the liver - digestive system |
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What is the function of the spleen? Where is it located? What system is it a part of ? What doe sit look like? |
- purifies red blood cells and blood storage, helps function of the immune system - attached to the greater curvature of the stomach - part of the circulatory system - banana shape |
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What is the function of the pancreas? Where is it located? What system is it a part of? What does it look like? |
- produces digestive enzymes that are sent to the intestines via the pancreatic duct -located beneath the stomach - part of the digestive system - thin membrane that may be white and granular |
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What is the function of the small intestine? What system is it a part of? What does it look like? |
- receives partially digested food from the stomach , absorbs nutrients and minerals from food - part of digestive system - slender coiled tube with a small diameter |
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What are the 3 section of the small intestine? |
-duodenum -ileum -jejunum |
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What is the function of the cecum? Where is it located? What does it look like? What system is it a part of? |
- stores food temporarily, while bacteria digest the cellulose found in plant cells - a pouch connected to the large and small intestine - part of the digestive system |
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What is the function of the large intestine? Where is it located? What does it look like? What system is it a part of? |
- absorb water from remaining indigestible foods -extends from small intestine leading to the anus - large possibly greenish tube - part of the digestive system |
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What is the function of the colon? Where is it located? What does it look like? What system is it a part of ? |
- part of the large intestine - final stage of digestion and water absoroption -contains variety of bacteria to aid with digestion - part of digestive system |
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What is the function of the rectum? Where is it located? What does it look like? What system is it a part of? |
- temporarily stores fees before they are expelled from the body - short terminal section of the colon between descending colon and anus - digestive system |
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What is the function of the liver? Where is it located? What does it look like? What system is it a part of? |
- produce bile which aids in digestion of fats, stores glycogen and transforms wastes into less harmful substances - occupies abdominal area under the diaphragm - large, reddish brown - part of the digestive system |
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What is the function of the tranchea? What system is it a part of? |
- tube that extends from neck to chest - white lined with cartilage - part of the respiratory system |
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What is the glottis? What system is it a part of? |
- opening of the trench - respiratory system |
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What is the function of the lungs? What system is it a part of? Where are they located? |
- bring in oxygen for red blood cells and breath out carbon dioxides - respiratory system - lie on either side of the heart |
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What is the function of the diaphragm? What system is it a part of? Where is it located? What does it look like? |
- drawing air into the chest cavity - respiratory system - located above the liver - thin muscular structure |
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What is the function of the pharynx? What system is it a part of? Where is it located? |
- carries air - respiratory system - back of mouth and nose |
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What is the function of the bronchi? What system is it a part of? Where is it located? |
- air tubes that extend into the lungs, split into smaller tubes called bronchioles -part of respiratory system - splits from the trachea |
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What is the function of the heart? What system is it a part of? |
- pumps blood throughout the body -circulatory system |
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What is the function of the Aorta/ Aortic Arch? Where is it located? What system is it a part of? |
- large blood vessel that branches off from the left ventricle of the heart and carries blood away from the body - circulatory system |
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What is the function of the ventricle and atriums? Where are they located? What system are they a part of? |
- atrim = upper chambers of heart, brings blood from the body to heart -ventricle = lower chambers of heart, pumps blood from heart to rest of body - circulatory system |
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What is the function of the pulmonary arteries? What system are they a part of? Where are they located? |
-transports deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs -circulatory system - begins at base of heart's right ventricle |
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What is the function of the superior vena cave? What system are they a part of? Where are they located? |
- brings deoxygenated blood from body to the heart - circulatory system -attaches to hearts right atrium |
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What is the function of the kidneys? Where are they located? What do they look like? What system are they apart of? |
-remove waste products and excess fluid from body - located towards the back of the abdominal cavity on either side of the spine - 2 large bean shaped organs -excretory/urogenital system |
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What is the function of the ureters? What do they look like? Where are they located? What system are they apart of ? |
- carries urine from kidney to bladder - long tubes - excretory system -connects kidney to bladder |
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What is the function of the adrenal glands? What do they look like? Where are they located? What system are they a part of? |
- secrete adrenaline into the blood during times of stress -endocrine system -small yellow glands embedded in the fat on top of kidneys |
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What are the functions of the ovary/testes? Where are they located? What do they look like? What system are they a part of? |
- ovaries produce eggs -testes produce sperms -reproductive system |
