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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Biology? |
The study of life |
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What are the 6 characteristics of life?( GO CHER) |
growth, organization, cells, homeostasis, energy and reproduction |
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Homeostasis |
Maintaining internal conditions regardless of external conditions |
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Scientific Method(PHERC) |
Problem Hypothesis Experiment Results Conclusion |
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Control Group? Experimental Group? Data? |
CG- the group that doesn't receive treatment EG- the group that does receive treatment Data- info collected from experiment |
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Quantitative vs Qualitative |
Quantitative is anything with numbers and qualitative is the characteristics something have |
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Difference between hypothesis and prediction |
A hypothesis is a possibly explanation that will be tested with an experinent. While a prediction is a guess based on observations |
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Independent and dependant variable |
IV- what is being tested DV- measurement of the test |
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Bias |
Tendency to favor one thing over another |
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How do you determine the total magnification of a microscope? |
Magnification times ocular lens |
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Parts of the microscope |
Body tube, nose piece, objective lens, stage, diaphragm, light, eye piece(ocular), arm, stage clips, coarse focus, fine focus, and base |
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Measurement conversion |
From basic unit:(meters, liters, grams) Kilo- ×1000 Hecto- ×100 Deka- × 10 Deci- ×.1 Centi- ×.01 Milli- ×.001 |
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Mass vs weight |
Mass- the amount of matter something contains Weight- Pull of gravity on an object |
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Atoms |
Simplest particle of an element that retains all of its properties |
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Atomic mass |
Atomic number × 2 |
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Protons, Neutrons and Electrons |
P- positively charged atoms N- neutrally charged atom E- negatively charged atome |
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Compound vs Molecule |
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements |
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Covalent vs Ionic Bonds |
CB- when a bond is formed between 2 atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons(h2o) IB- bond formed by electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions (electron transfer)ex: NaCl |
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Exergonic vs Endergonic |
Exergonic- Energy is released Endergonic- Energy is absorbed |
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Enzymes: what are they? what are they made of? |
Biological substances. Made of proteins
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Enzymes: what do they do? what can affect how they work? |
They speed up reactions. Temperature, pH and inhibitors can affect enzymes. |
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Importance of Carbon |
is necessary to be organic. All living things contain it. |
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Carbohydrates |
Building Block: Monosaccharide Function: main supplier of energy and dietary fat Examples: glucose, sucrose,cellulose, starch |
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Lipid |
BB: glycerol and fatty acids Function: supply stored energy and make up cell membrane Ex. fats, oils, waxes |
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Proteins |
BB: amino acids Function: control chemical reactions and make up structure Ex.Structures, enzymes |
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Nucleic Acids |
BB: nucleotides Function: hold all genetic info Ex. DNA, RNA |
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Vitamin C |
water soluble, needed for growth and repair of tissues. Found in fresh fruits. |
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Vitamin D |
Fat soluble and helps with bone growth. Found in sunlight and dairy.
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Vitamin K |
Fat soluble and helps with blood clotting. Found in vegetable oils and nuts and seeds |
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Vitamin A |
Fat soluble and important for sight. Found in milk, eggs, liver. |
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Polarity |
Has a positive end and a negative end |
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Properties of Water |
Polar Cohesive Adhesive Surface Tension-insects can walk on water Capillary Action- water travels from roots to leaves Density- Water is less dense as a solid than liquid High specific heat- water takes more time to heat |
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Hydrogen Bonding |
weak bonds that link molecules rather than atoms |
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Cohesion vs Adhesion |
Cohesion is the ability of water to stick to itself. While adhesion is the ability to stick to other things. |
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Solvent vs Solute vs Solution |
Solvent- the dissolver Solute- what's being dissolved Solution- homogeneous mixture made of 2 or more substances |
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Dissociation of water(parts) |
O- H+ H+ |
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Hydroxide(-OH) vs Hydronium(H+) |
-OH= Bases H+= Acids
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Characteristics of acids |
produce H+ ions, taste sour, corrode metals and react with bases to form salt |
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Characteristics of bases |
produce OH- ions, are electrolites, taste bitter/chalky |
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Cell theory |
All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells Cells are the basic unit of life All cells come from other cells |
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Prokaryote vs Eukaryote |
Prokaryotses have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles while eurkaryotes do. Prokaryotes= viruses and bacteria Eukaryotes= animals and plants |
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What does the Cellular Membrane do? |
Control what comes in and out of the cell |
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Semi-permeable |
allows certain things to enter and exit the cell |
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Nucleus |
control center of cell. In plant and animal. |
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Cell Membrane |
controls what comes in and out of the cell |
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Cytoplasm |
gel-like material inside the cell membrane that surrounds the organelles |
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Ribosomes |
make proteins |
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Chloroplast |
perform photosynthesis |
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Mitochondria |
release energy from sugars
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Cell wall |
supports and protects cells |
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Vacuole |
hold water and other materials |
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Golgi Body |
packages proteins for shipment around the cell |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
transport materials around the cell |
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Flagellum |
long, whip-like tail attached to membrane |
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Cilia |
small, short hairs that surround cell |
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Pseudopodia |
fake-foot in amoebas. Not connected to membrane |
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Diffusion vs. Osmosis |
They're both particles moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration. But osmosis is only for water. |
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Hypertonic solution |
More water in cell, so water will move out cell |
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Hypotonic solution |
More water outside cell, so water will move in cell |
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Isotonic solution |
equal amount of particles in and out of cell. Water will move in both directions equally. |
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Passive vs. Active transport |
Passive transport doesn't require energy and moves particles from high to low concentrations.(osmosis) Active transport requires energy and move particles from low to high concentration.(exocytosis) |
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Facilitated diffusion |
diffusion with the help of proteins pump. Transport larger or charged molecules |
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Exocytosis vs Endocytosis |
Exocytosis- forces materials out of cell in bulk Endocytosis- taking bulky materials into cell |
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Heterotroph vs autotroph |
Heterotroph- obtain energy from other organisms Autotroph- obtain energy by making their own food |
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Equation for photosynthesis |
6H2O+ 6CO2+ Sun> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Chemosynthesis |
Bacteria use energy stored inorganic molecules to make their own food(don't use sunlight) |
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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration |
Aerobic- needs oxygen and gives u most ATP Anaerobic- doesn't use oxygen and happens when exercising too much |
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Respiration equation |
C6H12O6 +O2> H2O+ CO2+ ATP |
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Circulatory system |
carry nutrients and waste around the body |
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Respiratory system |
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Digestive system |
breaks down food and gives them to the bloodstream |
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Excretory system |
Filter out wastes from the blood to remove from the body |
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Endocrine system |
secrete hormones into the blood to control functions |
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Nervous system |
send signals to the rest of body with neurotransmitter. |
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