Biology-Metabolism, Energy, And Life

Front 1

Catabolic Pathway

Back 1

Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds

Front 2

Anabolic Pathway

Back 2

Consume energy to build more complex molecules from simple ones.

Front 3

Energy Coupling

Back 3

Energy released from “downhill” reactions of catabolism can be used in the “uphill” reactions of anabolism

Front 4

Bioenergetics

Back 4

The study of cellular energy transformations

Front 5

System

Back 5

collection of matter under study (can be a molecule, a cell, or an organism)

Front 6

Open system

Back 6

exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings. Living cells are open systems. (The universe is a closed system).

Front 7

What is the role of Thermodynamics in energy?

Back 7

All energy transformations are governed by the same two laws of the universe known as the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Front 8

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 8

Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one state to another
implies that the energy of the universe is constant.
example of energy transformation : burning of fossil fuel to move vehicles (chemical energy to kinetic energy).

Front 9

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 9

second law implies that the entropy of the universe is increasing. This is because according to the second law energy conversions are not 100% efficient i.e. some heat is always released.

Front 10

entropy

Back 10

amount of disorder (randomness) in a system.

(S) For a closed thermodynamic system, a quantitative measure of the amount of thermal energy not available to do work.

Front 11

Is heat one kind of disorder??

Back 11

Yes, because it disrupts the stability.

Front 12

Free Energy

Back 12

(G) a measure of a systems ability to do work under a constant temperature.

Front 13

Free energy (G) depends on the total energy of the of a system (H) and it’s entropy (S)

Back 13

G = H – TS

Front 14

Oxidation

Back 14

loss of an electron

Front 15

Reduction

Back 15

gain of an electron

Front 16

Cellular Respiration

Back 16

energy-releasing chemical breakdown of glucose molecules and the storage of the energy in a form that the cell can use to do work.

Front 17

Cellular Metabolism

Back 17

sum of all exergonic and endergonic reactions in a cell.

Front 18

What does ATP do?

Back 18

Chemical Energy in the form of ATP powers nearly all cellular work.