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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different advantages between asexual reproduction and sexual?
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asexual is fast, easy and cheap; sexual is very energy expensive but gives variable offspring
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Name four types of asexual reproduction.
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Fission, Fragmentation, budding, parthenogenesis
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fission and an example of who does it
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animal divides in half; flatworms
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fragmentation and regeneration and an example of who does it
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if you cut it, it will regrow; starfish
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Budding and an example of who does it
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a little piece grows, might break off, might not; sponges
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Parthenogenesis and an example of who does it
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unfertilized eggs hatch; aphids
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Hermaphrodite
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male and female sex organs; not possible in humans
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serial hermaphrodite and an example
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start out one sex, end another; blue headed wrasse
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Name the two types of fertilization
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Internal and external
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External fertilization
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only work if you're aqautic, may or may not have to come in physical contact
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External fertilization
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only work if you're aqautic, may or may not have to come in physical contact
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Internal fertilization
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anything on land, flagella on sperm, not feet. This causes physical danger such as spider's courtship
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spermatheca
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sperm storage, sperm stay alive for months/years
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testes
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male gonads
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gonads
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male gametes
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scrotum
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houses testes and temperature control
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What temperature must the testes be kept?
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2 degrees below body temperature
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semeniferous tubules
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production site for sperm; 250-300 million sperm per day, continues till death
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epididimus
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sperm storage, after it leaves tubules
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vas deferens
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changes its name as it passes through glands that produce semen; what is cut during vascectomy
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Semen
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gives sperm something to swim in, contains alkaline to help neutralize ph in vagina temporarily, fructose sugar and salts to give energy supply to sperm, prostaglandins which causes suction by uterus
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ejaculatory duct
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pair of glands are called semenal vesicles which dump into duct and produce semen
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Coagulant
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sperm will stay in woman, but timed so that after a couple of minutes, sperm will start swimming
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prostate gland
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ejaculagtory duct runs right through middle, sponge consistency, golf ball size, often becomes cancerous, enlarges in older men
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Bulbourethral gland or cowper's gland
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leaks out before ejaculation, secretes lubricant mucus secretion, some sperm does excape and move up tube
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Urethra
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valve shuts off curethral to prevent urine from mixing with semen
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erectile tissue
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in penis, arteries fill tissue, pinches off veins and causes the blood to back up.
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Negative feedback or Feedback Inhibition
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like thermostat
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Hypothalamus
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homeostasis of many things; produces hormone called GnRH (gonaditropin releasing hormone)
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Hypothalamus to Pituitary
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FSH and LH not released until GnRH is activated
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FSH
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stimulates production of sperm
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LH
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release of testosterone (male secondary sex characteristics)
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Name 6 secondary sex characteristics caused by testosterone
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1.enlarged larnyx (deep voice)
2. greater muscles 3. facial hair 4. average 20% larger 5. sex drive 6. aggression |
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Sexual dimorphism
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males and females look different
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high levels of testosterone...
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shut off GnRH
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spermatozoa
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mature sperm
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How many sperm per ejaculation?
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400 million
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How many sperm make it to the egg?
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about 50; first one there is the father
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What is on the outside of the sperm opposite the flagellum?
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acrosome-modified golgi apparatus that digests its way through the egg
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what is the purpose of the mitochondria in the sperm?
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energy source to make tail move
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