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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stuff in a plant cell |
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, cell wall, chloroplast |
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Stuff in animal cell |
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus |
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What does cell membrane do |
Controls what materials enter and leave the cell |
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What does the nucleus do |
Controls the cell and stores genetic info |
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What is cytoplasm |
Site of chemical reactions |
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What does a vacuole do |
Stores cell sap |
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What does a chloroplast do |
Site of photosynthesis |
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What does the cell wall do |
Gives support and protection |
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Describe a cell |
Building blocks of life |
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What does unicellular mean and name one |
It only has one cell (bacteria is an example) |
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What is multicellular |
An organism with many cells |
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What is cell division another name for |
Cells making copies of themselves |
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Why is cell division in bacteria important |
So they can reproduce |
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Why is cell division important in multicellular organisms |
Growth and repair |
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What is agar |
A substance you can grow bacteria on |
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Why is it important that new cells are identical to the parent cells |
So they can function properly |
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What will new cells that are made have |
The same number of chromosomes from the parent cell |
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How many cells does cell division produce each time |
2 new copies |
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What can happen if there is uncontrolled cell division |
The cells with divide too much and cause a tumour, this is cancer |
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What can some animals do with cell division |
Regenerate limbs |
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What is cell culture |
Cells that are grown on agar plates and used in medicine |
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Example of cell culture |
Stem cells |
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What is a stem cell |
A cell that has the potential to turn into any cell |
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Where are stem cells found |
Embryos and bone marrow |
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What is DNA |
A chemical which hold instructions for making cells work |
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What is DNA stored as |
Chromosomes |
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Where are chromosomes stored |
Nucleus |
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Shape of DNA |
Double helix |
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What is a gene |
A long strand/section of DNA |
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What to genes contain |
The code for protein |
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Where are genes passed on from |
Parents |
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Who's DNA isn't unique |
Identical twins |
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Why are identical twins DNA not unique |
Bc they come from the same specialised egg |
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How many chromosomes are in a humans cell |
46 |
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How many cells in a human sex cell |
23 |
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What do you call faulty genes passed from parents to a child |
Inherited conditions |
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Example of inherited conditions |
Cystic fibrosis or diabetes |
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Who needs insulin |
People with diabetes |
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What is genetic engineering |
When a gene is transferred from one organism to another |
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What is used for genetic engineering |
Bacteria |
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Why is bacteria used for genetic engineering |
They have a plasmid (a ring of DNA that is useful for inserting human genes into) |
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What is a catalyst |
A substance that speeds up a reaction but does not get used up and remains unchanged |
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What is an enzyme |
A biological catalyst that are found in all living cells, they can break down large molecules or build up smaller ones |
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Describe an enzyme |
Specific (it only works on one thing) |
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Why is it bad if an enzyme is too hot or too cold |
If it's too hot it becomes denatured (changes shape so it will not fit with the substrate) and if it's too cold the molecules will not move fast enough and fail to join with its substrate) |
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What is the perfect temp for enzymes |
Optimum |
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What's phosphorylase |
Enzyme which can build up glucose into starch |
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What's amylase |
Enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose |
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Why are enzymes used in biological washing powder |
They are kind to fabrics and use less energy bc they work ok in not heated temps but they can cause allergic reactions |
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What is bio washing powder good for getting out |
Fatty and protein stains, butter, blood, eggs, lipstick |
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What is rennet |
An enzyme used in cheese making found in the calves stomach but can be genetically engineered from fungus |
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3 main groups of microorganism |
Fungi, bacteria, viruses |
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What is yeast |
A fungi used for bread making and wine making |
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Why are microorganisms useful |
They grow very quickly and can use many different types of food and produce a wide range of products |
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Why is yeast useful |
When it feeds on sugar it makes co2 and ethanol |
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Why is bacteria useful |
It makes yoghurt by being added to milk, it feeds on lactose sugar in milk and makes lactic acid |
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How do plants make their food |
Photosynthesis |
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Word equation for photosynthesis |
Co2+water+light=sugar+oxygen |
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Limiting factors for photosynthesis |
Light, temp, co2, water |
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What is respiration |
Process carried out in every cell where glucose is broken down to release energy |
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Why do we need respiration |
Making new cells, making our muscle cells work, sending info to brain cells |
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What can effect how much energy we get from respiration |
Oxygen intake |
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Word equation for respiration with oxygen |
Glucose+oxygen=co2+energy+water |
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Respiration without oxygen in animal cells |
Glucose=lactic acid+energy |
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Plants and fungal cell without oxygen |
Glucose=energy,co2, ethanol |
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Respiration is effected by |
Temperature |
