Biology Lab Vertebrate Anatomy

Front 1

What phylum is the rat in?

Back 1

Chordata

Front 2

What subphylum is the rat in?

Back 2

Vertebrata

Front 3

the body is divided in what three regions?

Back 3

head, trunk, and tail

Front 4

What are four notable characteristics of the phylum Chordata?

Back 4

1. presence of pharyngeal gill clefts at some point in development
2. presence of notochord (flexible rod-like structure) at some point in development; underlies the nerve cord
3. presence of a single, hollow, dorsal nerve cord
4. presence of a post anal tail

Front 5

Coelom

Back 5

the space inbetween the inner and outer tubes

Front 6

What is coelom lined with?

Back 6

peritoneum

Front 7

What are the two regions in the trunk region of vertebrates?

Back 7

1. inner tube is the digestive tract
2. outer tube is the body wall of the organism

Front 8

In higher vertabrates the coelom is divisible into what two cavities?

Back 8

thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 9

What separates the two cavities?

Back 9

diaphragm, a sheet of muscle

Front 10

How are the teeth in a rat self sharpened?

Back 10

incisor teeth have enamel on the front side only so that during dnawing the softer detnine is worn away behind

Front 11

What is the oral cavity formed by?

Back 11

the hard palate anteriorly and a boneless, soft palate posteriorly

Front 12

What is the trunk subdivided into?

Back 12

anterior thorax, posterior abdomen, and the dorsal back

Front 13

lacrymal gland

Back 13

tear galnd is large

can find by tracing tear duct

Front 14

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Back 14

part of the body's immune system and act to filter the body's fluids.

They are not glands!

Front 15

How does the diaphragm function to help breathing?

Back 15

alters the pressure within the thoracic cavity and pleural cavity, which results in inspiration and expiration, respectively

Front 16

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Back 16

prevents food from entering the larynx

Front 17

What is tracheotomy?

Back 17

lateral incision to the trachea. Using a plastic pipette pump so that hte lungs expand

Front 18

What is the pericardium?

Back 18

outer membrane that surrounds the heart

Front 19

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Back 19

R L ventricles
R L atria

Front 20

Veins

Back 20

lead blood into heart

Front 21

arteries

Back 21

lead blood out of heart

Front 22

In what chamber does the vein take the blood into?

Back 22

right atrium

Front 23

Where does the blood go to next?

Back 23

through the tricuspid into the right ventricle

Front 24

Where does the blood go to after right ventricle?

Back 24

into pulmonary arteries and hence to the lungs

Front 25

After blood get oxgenated by the lungs where does it go next?

Back 25

pulmonary veins to the left atrium

Front 26

After the left atrium where does it go?

Back 26

oneway valve, the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle. then large aorta.

Front 27

sphygmomanometer

Back 27

an elastic cuff that can be infalted.

Front 28

How does measuring blood pressure work?

Back 28

cuff exerts an external pressure that compresses the brachial artery. once external pressure equals internal no blood flow. The cuff is slowly deflated. using sthethoscope can hear tapping sound as blood spurt past the contriction in the artery. record as systolic pressure

Front 29

systolic pressrue

Back 29

generated by constraction of the ventricles

Front 30

diastolic pressure

Back 30

force generated due to the elastic walls of the brachial arteries

Front 31

What is the spleen? description

Back 31

part of lyumph system. colored bright red, located just dorsal to the stomach. largest lympohid organ

Front 32

What is the fucntion of the spleen?

Back 32

formation, storage, and destruction of blood cells

Front 33

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx

Back 33

oropharynx
nasopharynx
laryngopharynx

Front 34

What are the two passages that substances can go through in the laryngopharynx?

Back 34

esophagus or the larynx

Front 35

parotid ducts

Back 35

liquid from this aid swallowing

Front 36

primary function of esophagus

Back 36

convey food from the mouth region to the stomach

Front 37

mesenteries

Back 37

thin sheets of connective tissue

Front 38

purpose of stomach

Back 38

store food. both physical and chemical treatment of food occurs in here. secretes HCl.

Front 39

What is at the posterior end of the stomach?

Back 39

pyloric sphincter which regulates the emptying of acidic chyme

Front 40

three regions of small intestine

Back 40

ant -> post

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Front 41

secretion of liver and pancrease enteres where in the three regions of the small intestine?

Back 41

duodenum and aid in digestion

Front 42

pancreatic juice

Back 42

breaks down proteins, carbohydrates and fats

Front 43

caecum

Back 43

large finger shaped outpocketing
specialbacteria aid the breakdown of complex carbohydrates such as cellulose

found in herbivores

Front 44

function of large intestine?

Back 44

water reabsorption

Front 45

location of kidney

Back 45

dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity

Front 46

where does the blood enter in the kidney?

Back 46

through the renal artery

Front 47

where does the blood exit in the kidney

Back 47

through the renal vein

Front 48

What are nephrons?

Back 48

responsible for forming urine and regulating ionic balance

Front 49

Where does urine exit in the kidney?

Back 49

ureter

Front 50

what two things should be recognized in the cortex?

Back 50

glomeruli and convoluted tubules

Front 51

Where is the ovaries found?

Back 51

end of each uterine horn

Front 52

seminiferous tubules

Back 52

sperm are produced here

Front 53

where is sperm held?

Back 53

epididymis

Front 54

where does sperm travel during ejaculation?

Back 54

vas deferens