Biology Lab Test 1

Front 1

extropolation

Back 1

estimating a value outside the range of measured data

Front 2

interpolation

Back 2

estimating a value within the range of measured data

Front 3

sampling error

Back 3

procedure which uses repeated tests to minimize sampling error

Front 4

treatment

Back 4

group in an experiment in which the independent variable is manipulated

Front 5

What is the difference between inference and assumption?

Back 5

Inference is a statement that is accepted or believed to be true on the basis of evidence; Assumption is a statement that is accepted or believed to be true without evidence.

Front 6

What is the difference between histogram and a bar graph? When should you use each?

Back 6

Histogram: continuous variables (have any value between two state values)

Bar graph: categorical (can be sorted into bins)

Front 7

What is a dependent variable? Where does it go on a graph? What is an independent variable? Where does it go on a graph?

Back 7

Dependent: the responding variable in an experiment (Y-axis)

Independent: manipulated variable in the experiment (X-axis)

Front 8

Cell membranes are made of _______ and phospholipids.

Back 8

Proteins

Front 9

What structure in the mitochondria increases the surface area to volume ratio?

Back 9

Cristae

Front 10

Give the organelle responsible for the function.

Site of ribosome synthesis:

Site of protein production:

Site of metabolic activity:

Produces lipids:

Assembles and secretes cell products:

Back 10

Nucleolus

ribosome

mitochondrion

smooth ER

Golgi body

Front 11

What is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

Back 11

Grana

Front 12

Which of the following is the best action to take if the field of view is fuzzy and out of focus?

Back 12

Manipulate the fine adjustment

Front 13

When magnification increases, both the field of view and the focal plane decrease, T or F?

Back 13

False - focal plane stays the same

Front 14

The cell wall is a protective structure that surrounds animal cells, T or F?

Back 14

False - cell walls are found only in plant cells

Front 15

The nucleus is responsible for ribosomes formation, T or F?

Back 15

False - its the nucleolus

Front 16

adjustable diaphragm

Back 16

device which alters the size of the opening through which light passes and adjusts the intensity of light in the field of view

Front 17

chloroplast

Back 17

membrane-bound organelle in which photosynthesis occurs

Front 18

condensor

Back 18

microscope component that focuses light on objects under study

Front 19

cristae

Back 19

finger like projections formed by the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Front 20

cytoplasm

Back 20

term used to refer to contents of a cell other than the nucleus

Front 21

depth of field

Back 21

extent to which microscopic objects can be visualized in the third dimension

Front 22

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 22

membranous sacs and channels in cells, often bearing ribosomes

Front 23

field of view

Back 23

area of an object which is visible under microscopic examination

Front 24

focal plane

Back 24

plane which is in focus for an object under microscopic examination

Front 25

grana

Back 25

disc-like structures inside chloroplasts

Front 26

golgi body

Back 26

membrane bound organelle in which materials are assembled and modified prior to secretion from the cell

Front 27

objective

Back 27

magnifying lens on a microscope

Front 28

ocular

Back 28

eyepiece which magnifies image projected by objective

Front 29

phospholipid

Back 29

cell membrane molecule composed of fatty acids and phosphate groups

Front 30

stroma

Back 30

fluid inside a chloroplast, but surrounding grana

Front 31

Which has a greater surface area: the inner membrane of a mitochondrion or the outter membrane of the same mitochondrion?

Back 31

Inner membrane

Front 32

What organelle would you expect to be particularly abundant in muscle cells?

Back 32

Mitochondria

Front 33

Name the specific feature found in plant cells but not found in animal cells.

Back 33

cell wall

Front 34

name the organelle found in plant cells but not found in animal cells

Back 34

chloroplast

Front 35

T or F: the inner membranes of mitochondria are folded into finger-like projections called grana

Back 35

false: cristae

Front 36

T or F: as a cell increases in size, its surface area to volume ratio also increases

Back 36

false: it decreases

Front 37

T or F: the total magnification of a compound microscope can be calculated as the sum of the objective lens and the ocular

Back 37

false: multiply, not add

Front 38

concentration gradient

Back 38

the difference in solute concentration between two solutions

Front 39

diffusion

Back 39

the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration; usually used with reference to solute

Front 40

flaccid

Back 40

descriptive of the limp condition of plant cells when water has left the central vacuole and turgor pressure is low

Front 41

hypertonic

Back 41

descriptive of a solution that condition of plant cells when water has left the central vacuole and turgor pressure is low

Front 42

hypotonic

Back 42

descriptive of a solution that contains fewer solute particles that another solution; a hypotonic solution has a higher water potential than a hypertonic solution

Front 43

isotonic

Back 43

descriptive of a solution that contains the same amount of solute particles as another solution

Front 44

selective permeability

Back 44

a characteristic of a membrane which permits certain materials to pass while others are restrained

Front 45

solute

Back 45

the dissolved particles in a solution

Front 46

solvent

Back 46

in a solution, the most abundant molecule; for biological systems, the solvent is water

Front 47

turgid

Back 47

descriptive of the swollen condition of plant cells when the central vacuole is distended with water and presses against the cell wall

Front 48

turgor pressure

Back 48

water pressure in a plant cell; acts in opposition to water potential

Front 49

water potential

Back 49

the potential energy of a volume of water, expressed as a pressure

Front 50

activation energy

Back 50

energy required to cause a chemical reaction to proceed

Front 51

active site

Back 51

position on an enzyme molecule where substrate molecules come together for a chemical reaction

Front 52

catalyst

Back 52

a substance that promotes a chemical reaction but is not consumed in that reaction

Front 53

cofactoer

Back 53

a mineral ion or organic molecule that is required by an enzyme in order to achieve is catalytic effect

Front 54

denaturation

Back 54

disruption of the 3D shape of an enzyme molecule

Front 55

enzyme

Back 55

a biological catalyst; virtually al enzymes are proteins

Front 56

pH

Back 56

measure of the concentration of protons (positively charged particles or H+) in a solution

Front 57

products

Back 57

the molecules that are made in a chemical reaction

Front 58

protein

Back 58

a class of molecules; all proteins are composed of sub-units called amino acids, the arrangement of which results in proteins of characteristic and distinctive shapes

Front 59

rate

Back 59

amount of activity of a biological process per unit time

Front 60

substrate

Back 60

the molecules that are acted upon by an enzyme