Biology Lab Exam 3 Uni Ex 10-15

Front 1

Describe the relationship between the number of drops of NaOH required to neutralize the water and the amount of CO2 produced.

Back 1

1. The more CO2, the more drops of NaOH that are required to return the solution to the original pH.

Front 2

Compare the exact amounts of ATP and CO2 produced from each glucose molecule in aerobic respiration and anaerobic lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells.

Back 2

1. Aerobic ~36 ATP 6 CO2
2. Anaerobic 2 ATP 0 CO2

Front 3

Explain your three levels of exercise results in terms of aerobic respiration and anaerobic lactic acid fermentation.

Back 3

1. As the rate of aerobic respiration increases the amount of CO2 increases.
2. A drop in CO2 indicates an inadequate supply of O2 and the switch by some muscle cells to anaerobic respiration.

Front 4

1. Explain what you observed when Elodea was placed in a tube containing dissolved CO2 and phenol red.

Back 4

1. The color changed from yellow to pink because the plant used CO2 dissolved in the water which lowered the pH.

Front 5

draw and label the pigment bands that you observed from the chromatography.

Back 5

The top pigment is carotene (yellow).
The next pigment is xanthophylls (light yellow).
The next pigment is chlorophyll a (green).
The bottom pigment is chlorophyll b (yellowish-green)

Front 6

What is the relationship between the presence of light and starch production (if/then).

Back 6

If light is present, then the plant will carry out photosynthesis and store glucose as starch.

Front 7

What is the relationship between light intensity and oxygen production.

Back 7

If the light intensity increases, then the production of oxygen will increase.

Front 8

epidermis

Back 8

protect the leaf

Front 9

stoma

Back 9

passage of gases and water vapor into and out of the leaf

Front 10

palisade mesophyll

Back 10

increase exposure of chloroplasts to light

Front 11

xylem

Back 11

transport of water and minerals

Front 12

phloem

Back 12

food distribution and transport

Front 13

spongy mesophyll

Back 13

provides surface for gas exchange

Front 14

air spaces

Back 14

allows air to come in contact with cells

Front 15

How do light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, and availability of water affect the stomata?

Back 15

When CO2 is high and water is low the guard cells lose water closing the stomata.

Front 16

What is the significance of photosynthesis?

Back 16

Photosynthesis fixes carbon from CO2 to produce an organic compounds

Front 17

Write a prediction for the cuts you made concerning the regeneration of the planaria if the diffusion gradient is correct (if/then).

Back 17

If the diffusion gradient model is correct, then the planaria will regenerate the missing parts of their body. The result will be a fully formed, normal planarian.

Front 18

Write a prediction for the cuts you made concerning the regeneration of the planaria if the diffusion gradient is NOT correct (if/then).

Back 18

If the diffusion gradient model is not correct, then the planaria will regenerate random body parts or die. The result will be an abnormal planarian that will not have all its body parts.

Front 19

Based on your knowledge of RNA's used in the cell, what problem do you think the 2-thiouracil is causing?

Back 19

2-thiouracil disrupts translation and ultimately protein synthesis. It is a base analog that inhibits mRNA synthesis by competing with uracil.

Front 20

What are the experiment control(s) in the fern experiment?

Back 20

Normal fern medium – This is a positive control. Normal gametophyte
development is expected and all treatments are compared to this control.
2-thiouracil + uracil medium – This is a control to determine whether the effects of the base analog can be reversed by adding normal uracil.

Front 21

Is RNA synthesis required for outgrowth?

Back 21

No, RNA synthesis is not required for outgrowth. The experimental treatments (2-thiouracil 5mg/L and 2-thiouracil 10mg/L) did show 1D growth.

Front 22

Is RNA synthesis required for transition from 1-D to 2-D growth?

Back 22

Yes, RNA synthesis is required for transition from 1-D to 2-D growth. The gametophytes in the normal fern medium had 2-D growth. The gametophytes in the experimental treatments (2-thiouracil 5mg/L and 2- thiouracil 10mg/L) did NOT have 2D growth only 1-D growth. The gametophytes in the 2-thiouracil + uracil had 2-D growth.

Front 23

What was the purpose of the treatment with thiouracil plus uracil?

Back 23

2-thiouracil + uracil medium – This is a control to determine whether the effects of the base analog can be reversed by adding normal uracil.

Front 24

What is a pluripotent stem cell?

Back 24

Embryonic stem cell derived from embryos and have the ability to become all cell types of the body.

Front 25

What is a multipotent stem cell?

Back 25

Adult stem cells found among specialized cells in tissues and organs an can only become the cell types from where they originate.